以低二噁英排放为目标的氧化/还原气氛下可燃固体废弃物热化学转化机理

张衍国 蒙爱红 周会 龙艳秋 武景丽

摘 要：可燃固体废弃物种类繁多、成分复杂，在处理处置和利用过程中需要尽可能的降低污染。该研究旨在建立适合我国可燃固体废弃物特性的组分热化学表征模型，掌握组分在不同氧化剂调控气氛下的热化学反应模型和不同尺度下的传热、传质机理，研究热化学反应过程中的复杂组分的交互影响规律；探索热化学反应氧化剂调控对二噁英及其前驱物的影响和耦合关联特性，形成低二噁英排放的新一代热化学反应机制。贯穿整个5年的工作任务和重点是可燃固体废弃物热化学反应的“基元”表征体系的建立、确认和完善，为繁杂而难以穷尽的可燃固体废弃物的研究建立一套可行的、基准一致的方法体系。该报告详细解释了“基元”体系的构建过程和表征方法，并为此建立了和使用了TGA、固定床和流化床Macro-TGA，以不同平台上获得的连续失重曲线，验证“基元”体系表征方法的可行性，同时也考察“基元”及典型废弃物的热解反应特征，以及其在热解过程中两两混合的相互作用。除17种典型固体废弃物外，还考察了土豆淀粉/HDPE、PP/稻秆共热解特性，进行了动力学分析、热解产物检测，了解了共热解过程的相互作用及其对产物的影响。可燃固体废弃物的气化规律及动力学研究也是研究的一个重点。研究了杨树枝、PE、打印纸、橡胶、大米和腈纶等典型固体废弃物在CO2气氛下的热解气化动力学，采用分布活化能模型（DAEM）获取了动力学参数，尝试CO2气氛下可燃固体废弃物的“基元”优化组合。在化学链燃烧方面，解释了其可减少二噁英排放的原理，重点研究了其关键因素—— 载氧体的制作及性能。

关键词：热化学反应特征 “基元” 化学链燃烧

The Genera Tech-report of the Principles of Thermochemical Reacting at Redox Atmosphere of Combustible Solid Waste for Low Dioxins Emission

Zhang Yanguo1 Meng Aihong1 Zhou Hui1 Long Yanqiu1 Wu Jingli2

（1.Tsinghua University；2.Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology，Chinese Academy of Sciences）

Abstract：The combustible solid waste is characterized with various kinds and complex composition， which needs to reduce its pollution in the treatment and utility processes. The aim of this project is to propose the pseudo-compositions reaction model for the thermochemical reaction of the combustible solid waste， to clarify their heat and mass transfer principles and reaction models at different oxidant-concentration atmosphere， to elucidate the inter-impact of complex components， and to study impact of the oxidant on dioxins-related compound to find out a new kind reaction type to lower dioxins emission. The plan for the third year goes on well and the research results in the third year are reviewed in this annual report. Actually， the pseudo-compositions model to re-figure the mass loss curves is a long-term research topic based on thermogravimetric analyzer （TGA） and macro-TGA. To establish， verify and improve the system is the emphasis and key problem in the whole five-year project. It will propose a novel and feasible method and system to investigate the uncountable and complicated combustible solid waste on the universal base. Hereby， the pseudo-component model was clearly elucidated. The thermogravimetric analyzer （TGA） and macro-TGA based on fix bed and fluidized bed， respectively were established to get. the mass loss curves to verify the pseudo-component method and system. The pyrolysis characteristics of the given pseudo-components and typical solid waste were investigated and the kinetic analysis and inter-impact investigation were carried based on these. Besides these waste， the co-pyrolysis of potato starch and HDPE， PP and rice stalk were studied with kinetic analysis and gas product detect to distinguish the inter-impact of waste pyrolysis. The kinetic analysis of pyrolysis and gasification of the typical solid waste is also an important work. The pyrolysis and gasification of poplar branch， PE， print paper， rubber， rice and acrylic fibres at CO2 atmosphere were investigated. The pseudo-components for each typical waste were optimized. The principles of chemical looping combustion （CLC） were explained to lower dioxins emission. As a key point for CLC， oxygen-carrier was emphasis in the study.

Key Words：Thermochemical reaction characteristics； Pseudo-component； Chemical looping combustion

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