Information for Authors -Neural Regeneration Research

Information for Authors -Neural Regeneration Research

About the Journal

Founded in April 2006,NRR(ISSN 1673‐5374, eISSN 1876‐7958) is an open‐ac‐cessed journal copublished by Wolters Kluwer ‐ Medknow, with its mission focused on reporting high quality and novel scienti fi c advancements in the fi eld of neural regeneration. The journal is committed to publishing articles on basic, translational, and clinical research, as well as novel technologies and methods relat‐ed to neural regeneration in the peripher‐al and central nervous systems.

NRRhas been indexed by Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) and PubMed. We hope that, with your sup‐port,NRRwill be a premier journal in the fi eld of neural regeneration.

Aims and Scopes

NRRpublishes papers on a broad range of topics of general interest to those work‐ing on the neural repair, protection, and regeneration of damage in the nervous system.

The journal’s unique focus is evi‐dence‐based basic and clinical practice and research.NRRis devoted to publish‐ing articles regarding improving recovery and function from conditions such as brain and spinal cord injuries, peripheral nerve injuries, cranial nerve injuries, and neurodegenerative diseases.

Researches on large‐sized animals in these research fields and clinical trials with registry number are especially wel‐comed byNRR.

We will also consider systematic re‐views; articles describing methods, soft‐ware, databases, or other tools; qualitative research; and studies reporting negative results.

Readership

NRRhas a strong international focus on neural regeneration and draws attention from neuroscientists who are dedicated to neuroscience, neuroanatomy, neuropathol‐ogy, neurosurgery, neurology, neurobiol‐ogy, neuroimaging, neuroradiology and neurorehabilitation.

ing and Indexing

·Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E)

·PubMed

·PubMed Central (PMC)

·BIOSIS previews (BP)

·Chemical Abstracts (CA)

·Excerpta Medica (EM)

·Index of Copurnicus (IC)

·OvidSP

·Chinese Science Citation Database (CSCD)

·Chinese Science and Technology Paper Citation Database (CSTPCD)

·SCOPUS

Editorial Board

Editors-in-Chief

· Kwok‐fai So, Director, GHM Institute of Neural Regeneration, Jinan University; Jes‐sie Ho Professor in Neuroscience, Depart‐ment of Ophthalmology,e University of Hong Kong, China.

· Xiao‐Ming Xu, Professor and Mari Hulman George Chair of Neurological Surgery, Scientific Director, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA.

Associate Editors

· Vance P. Lemmon, Walter G. Ross Dis‐tinguished Chair, Department of Devel‐opmental Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, USA.

· George M, Smith, Professor, Department of Neuroscience, Shriners Hospitals Pedi‐atric Research Center, Temple University, School of Medicine, USA.

Editorial Board Members

Recruitment of new editorial board members is ongoing.

Criteria for Publication

· Results reported have not been pub‐lished elsewhere.

· Experiments, statistics, and other anal‐yses are performed to a high technical standard and are described in sufficient detail.

· Conclusions are presented in an appro‐priate fashion and are supported by the data.

· The research meets all applicable stan‐dards for the ethics of experimentation and research integrity.

· The article adheres to appropriate re‐porting guidelines and community stan‐ dards for data availability.

Rigorous Peer Review

NRRwill rigorously peer‐review sub‐missions and publish all papers that are judged to be technically sound. Judg‐ments about the importance of any par‐ticular paper are then made aer publica‐tion by the readership who are the most quali fi ed to determine what is of interest to them.

Editorial Process

Each submission toNRRpasses through a rigorous quality control and peer‐review evaluation process before receiving a de‐cision.e initial in‐house quality control check deals with issues such as plagiarism check; competing interests; ethical re‐quirements for studies involving human participants or animals; financial disclo‐sures; full compliance withNRR’s data availability policy,etc. Submissions may be returned to authors for queries, and will not be seen by our Editorial Board or peer reviewers until they pass this quality control check.

Peer Review Process

Once each manuscript has passed quality control, it is assigned to the strict dou‐ble‐blinded peer‐review process and for making a decision to accept, invite revi‐sion of, or reject the article.

The majority ofNRRsubmissions are evaluated by 3–5 external reviewers. Av‐erage time from the submission to the first editorial decision is 1 month. The review time could be shortened to 7 days for the paper with sophisticated com‐ments transferred by recognized journals byNRR. According to these comments, the academic editors will make a decision as to accept, reject, request a revision or send to another peer review.

Authors who receive a decision of Mi‐nor Revision or Major Revision have 21 days to resubmit the revised manuscript. If you are submitting a revised manu‐script, include the following items with your revised submission:

· Response to reviewers fi le: Address the speci fi c points made by each reviewer.

· Revised manuscript (marked‐up copy): Include a marked‐up copy of your man‐uscript fi le showing the changes you have made since the original submission.

· Revised manuscript (clean copy): Up‐load a clean copy of your revised manu‐script that does not show your changes.

Submission Guidelines

Manuscripts should be submitted elec‐tronically to http://www.editorialman‐ager.com/nrr/.

We encourage the reviewers to share and discuss their review comments on Publons (www.publons.com).NRRwill also give credit to registered reviewers on Publons.

Initial Submission

Cover letter

Authors are strongly encouraged to pro‐vide as much information as possible to the reviewers, including

· Declaration that the manuscript is original, has not been submitted to or is not under consideration by another publication and has not been previously published in any language or any form, including electronic.

· Indication that all authors approve the fi nal version of the paper and of its sub‐mission toNRR.

· Recommendation of 2–3 scientists as peer reviewers for your paper, including their contact information. The recom‐menced reviewers should be in the same fi eld of your study, but not from the same institutions and have not copublished articles previously.

Once submitted toNRR, the paper should not be submitted to other journals within 1 month, whether it is undergoing or awaiting the paper review process.

Link your publication to ORCID

Transfer of copyright agreement

Once your paper is successfully submit‐ted, Form of Copyright Transfer Agree‐ment should be signed by all authors and uploaded to the editorial system.

Articleype

·Invited Perspectives and Highlight:Authors from internationally renowned laboratories who have acquired outstand‐ing achievements are invited to write a short paper in which they provide back‐ground information that has not been previously published, o ff ering the reasons behind their scienti fi c hypothesis as well as answering such questions as why they chose speci fi c animal models or patients as participants, developed a novel tech‐nique or method, used certain materials, or selected a given cell type.e invited perspectives and highlights should intro‐duce compelling new stories about how scientists or laboratories yielded their striking thoughts or achievements, rath‐er than simply describe their research progress or current status in the fi eld of neural regeneration. These papers will provide readers with novel perspectives on the thoughts and insights of neural regeneration researchers.

Submit an outline for your paper be‐fore writing, and submit the manuscript within 2 months aer receiving permis‐sion from theNRReditorial committee.

·Invited Reviews:Topical reviews, gen‐erally 6,000 words in length, that cover a current topic of interest in neural regen‐eration.

·Research Article:NRRwill consider manuscripts on any clinical or basic sci‐ence topic that is relevant to understand‐ing and repairing, protecting, the conse‐quences of neural injury and disease.

·Imaging in Neural Regeneration:We will consider photographic, radiographic, or artistic images that have exceptional visual impact and have relevance to neu‐rologic recovery.

·Letters to the Editor:Brief communica‐tions and case reports should be labeled as such and must o ff er an important new observation and not simply review the literature. In rare instances, we will con‐sider case reports for this article type, but only if the topic is extraordinarily novel.

Acceptance and Publication

After acceptance, the authors have access to inquiries regarding the progress of their manuscript submitted online using the ac‐count number assigned to the correspond‐ing author at any time. Generally, accepted manuscripts will be published within 3–6 months after revision; however, authors can apply for rapid publication within 2–3 months aer revision if their publications meet the following conditions:

· Grant‐funded innovative publications;

· With comments made recently by peer reviewers of international excellent journals;

· Basic research papers including original data with DOI register number;

· Clinical trials with ClinicalTrials.gov register number;

· First‐time innovative publications.

Ethical Guidance

According to the guidelines recommended by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), the authors should follow all eth‐ical principles for medical research involv‐ing humans and experimental animals.

Requirements for ethical issues related to medical research

· Medical researchers should abide by the relevant principles for medical research involving human participants, consci‐entiously accept supervision from the ethical review committee, and e ff ectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of the human participants.

· Medical researchers should objectively and accurately collect human samples, data, and information, and protect the life, health, privacy, and dignity of hu‐man participants.

· When performing studies involving humans or experimental animals, med‐ical researchers should provide accurate medical records, including adverse reac‐tions and events, and report information regarding severe adverse reactions and events according to related regulations.

· Medical researchers should be aware of public health and laboratory biology safe‐ty, consciously abide by the requirements of related laws and regulations, and accept inspection and supervision by related organizations when performing studies regarding emerging infectious diseases and diseases with unknown etiologies or known pathogen transformation.

· Medical researchers should store, share, and destroy human or animal samples, data, or materials aer study completion according to corresponding management regulations of scienti fi c research.

· Medical researchers should respect and protect the intellectual property rights of others and abide by the confidentiality rules of science and technology when performing academic communications and being invited to review another per‐son’s submitted research paper or topic declaration.

· When citing previously published view‐points, data, images, results, or other data, the source should be indicated, and the use of citations, annotations, and references should be consistent with aca‐demic speci fi cations. When using anoth‐er person’s design thoughts, perspectives, experimental data, fi gures and tables, re‐sults and conclusions that have not been published, a written informed consent should be obtained from the authors, and acknowledgments and declarations should be openly stated.

· When publishing research papers or ac‐ademic contributions, medical research‐ers should abide by related regulations. Medical researchers cannot be authors on a published research paper when they do not participate in conducting the research or contribute to the writing of the paper.

· Medical researchers, as supervisors or leaders of a research project, should take full responsibility for guiding students or leading members to perform scientific research and assume responsibility fordishonorable events occurring during the study or writing of scienti fi c papers.

Note: –, Not applicable; √, applicable; △, applicable only for necessaries.

· The original images, data (including computer databases), records, and sam‐ples involved in producing medical re‐search papers should be kept in a secure storage area for potential recheck. Any errors or faults appearing in medical re‐search achievements should be admitted and corrected publicly by the medical researchers.

· When performing collaborative scien‐ti fi c research, medical researchers should comply with good faith duty or contract, and authorship credit for publishing research papers or books, applying for patents, and acquiring awards should be based on substantial contribution.

· Medical researchers should have a sci‐entific attitude and social responsibility and avoid false statements and news hyperbole in academic communication, achievement generalization, and popular science propaganda. Medical researchers should treat academic criticism and ques‐tions from peer reviewers with respect.

Requirements for ethical issues related to animal experiments

· Medical researchers should abide by international guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals, theWeatherall report on the use of non-human primates in research (2006), and The National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs).

· The authors’ institutional animal care and use committee that approved the animal experiments and the associated permit number(s) should be stated in re‐search papers.

· The methods section ofNRRpapers reporting results of animal research must include required ethics statements, such as “The protocol was approved by the Committee on the Ethics of Animal Experiments of the University of ABC (permit number XXXX). All surgery was performed under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia, and all efforts were made to minimize animal pain, distress, and death.” Guidelines for euthanasia meth‐ods approved byNRRfor use in animal experiments is shown in Table.

· Data and methods appearing inNRRpapers that are used to support conclu‐sions should be shared for replication of the results by others. Original experi‐mental data or DOI numbers registered in international databases should be pro‐vided upon submission to facilitate refer‐ence by peer reviewers and other readers.

· Original data from studies involving genes, proteins, mutants and diseases should be registered on international public databases, and the registered iden‐tifier should be provided upon submis‐sion. The international public databases suggested byNRRinclude figshare or re3data.

· A small amount of data or certain special data may be submitted as attach‐ments to the research paper for publica‐tion in the supplementary data section online.

· For data harvested from other open‐ac‐cess means, the source must be indicated.‐Studies involving animal experiments should be reported according to ARRIVE guidelines (http://www.nc3rs.org.uk/ar‐rive‐guidelines).

Requirements for ethical issues related to clinical trials

· All studies performed using the human body or involving human samples should be registered in an international clinical trials registry platform, such as www. clinicalTrials.gov, prior to participant re‐cruitment.e registry platform and reg‐ister identi fi er should be provided upon submission and included in the abstract of the manuscript.

· Clinical trial manuscripts should be written according to the specifications presented at www.equator‐network.org. Additionally, self‐assessment checklists and a flow chart should be provided upon submission.

Plagiarism

· EachNRRpaper will be screened twice using Crosscheck to verify originality, once aer submission and again prior to publication.e screening results will be provided to the authors.

· EachNRRpaper should be original, with a similarity index of ＜ 10% against any single paper in the database and with a total similarity index of ＜ 30% against all papers in the database.

· Similarity between new submittedNRRmanuscript and the papers previously published by the same research team or author should be no more than 50%

· No retracted articles should be cited.

· For dishonorable events anonymously or non‐anonymously reported, editors will contact the corresponding author of the paper with the issue and provide the results to the person who reported the event.

· For dishonorable events including re‐dundant (duplicate) publication, suspect‐ed plagiarism, and undisclosed con fl icts of interest,NRRwill abide by the regu‐lations suggested by COPE guidelines (http://publicationethics.org/resources).

Corrections and Retractions

·NRRpublishes corrections, retractions, and expressions of concern as appropri‐ate, and as quickly as possible. We follow the ICMJE and COPE guidelines where applicable.

· Correction: A notice of correction will be issued byNRRto document and correct substantial errors that appearin online articles when these errors significantly affect the content or un‐derstanding of the work reported (e.g., error in data presentation or analysis) or when the error affects the publication’s metadata (e.g., misspelling of an author’s name). In these cases,NRRwill publish a correction that will be linked to the original article. In very rare cases, we may choose to correct the article itself and repost it online. If that course is taken, a correction notice will also be created to document the changes to the original article.

· Author-Initiated Retractions:NRRwill retract an article at the authors’request at any time unless it is under review for a possible violation of Re‐sponsible Conduct Regarding Scienti fi c Communications. At the authors’ op‐tion, the retraction notice may simply state that the article has been retracted at the authors’ request. Alternatively, the authors may provide a brief explanation of the error(s) prompting the retraction. However, statements of retraction may not assign blame to specific authors or laboratories.

· Editorial Retractions: The editors reserve the right to retract an article at any time after publication without the consent of the authors if an investigation by an appropriate authority reveals a vio‐lation ofNRR’s Ethics Policy.

· To request a correction/retraction, please contact the editorial o ffi ce directly at szb@nrren.org .

Data Audibility

NRRencourages to upload original experimental data on Figshare prior to or after publication, including original data, images, or tables. Such open access of data will increase study transparency, accelerate the scientific research pace, and establish a credible system of scien‐ti fi c research.

Figshare is an internationally respected original data hosting and management database that can upload, store, and share study data. With the permission of open‐access copyright, the authors can display and share their data, which facili‐tates retrieval, reading, downloading, and sharing.

Open-Access Publication

NRRis co‐published by MedKnow, a global open access medical publisher. Therefore,NRRapplies the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommer‐cial‐ShareAlike 3.0 License to works we publish. This license allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non‐commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are li‐censed under the identical terms.

Anyone interested in reading your re‐search can get free access to your paper at our offical website (www.nrronline. org) or PubMed Central.

Open Access Service Fees

Authors of invited papers may, at the discretion of the editorial committee, be granted complete waivers for the open access service fee.

When a paper is accepted for publica‐tion, the authors will be issued an invoice for payment of the open access service fee. The open access service fee is used to pay for online open access, develop‐ment and maintenance of the editing and reviewing system, and data processing for exposure on Google Scholar, iPhone, iPad and Android smartphones, as well as for PubMed indexing and CrossRef presentation.

Reprints/Subscriptions

We are committed to providing two journal copies and five high‐quality re‐prints to authors for free with a variety of customizations and delivery options available. Reprints can be purchased as print or electronic reprints and as trans‐lated articles, and will be customized to your specific requirements and shrink‐wrapped.

Dissemination after Publication

Once the paper is published, it will be scheduled for disseminationviae‐News‐lettter.

After publication, the papers online can be rapidly retrieved and exposedviaGoogle Scholar, iPhone, iPad and An‐droid smart phones.

Copyright/Permissions after Publication

· In not‐for‐profit circumstances, when cited appropriately, the use, dissemina‐tion and reproduction of part or all of the contents of the article is permitted.

Contract Us

Submission website: http://nrr.edmgr. com/

Telephone: +86(24)23380576/+86‐13804998773

By Mail: Editorial O ffi ce of NRR, Shen‐yang PO Box 10001, Shenyang 110180, Liaoning Province, P. R. China

Author inquiries: bwb01@nrren.org WeChat O ffi cial Account: sjzsyj_nrr

Formatting Guidelines

Invited Perspectives and Highlight

· Word limit: 1,500–3,000 words, 1–2 authors, 8 references maximum (use the reference style of), no tables and abstract, 1 fi gure per‐missive, and 2 published pages maximum.

· Describe the objective, signi fi cance, and current status of an issue in the field of neural regeneration (1/5 the length of the text), introduce the author or the feature of the ongoing project (3/5 the length of the text), and state a hypothesis or guide the direction of this project (1/5 the length of the text).

· Title: 90 characters (20 words) maxi‐mum.

Body text:

use the reference style of.

Invited Reviews

· Word limit: 6,000 words minimum in‐cluding the abstract, but excluding refer‐ences, tables and fi gures. 8–10 published pages.

· Structure:

Title: 90 characters (20 words) maxi‐mum.

Abstract: 250 words maximum, unstruc‐tured abstract.

Introduction:

Body text:

Acknowledgments:

Author contributions:

Con fl icts of interest:

References: use the reference style of.

Research Article

· Word limit: 4,000–6,000 words, 8–10 published pages.

· Structure:

Title: 90 characters (20 words) maxi‐mum.

Abstract: 250 words maximum, unstruc‐tured abstract.

Graphical abstract:

Introduction: 1,000 words maximum.

Materials/Subjects and Methods:

Results:

Discussion: 1,000 words maximum.

Acknowledgments:

Declaration of patient consent(only for clinical studies):

Author contributions:

Con fl icts of interest:

References: 50 minimum; 30% of cited ref‐erences should have been published within the preceding 3 years; use the referencestyle of.

Imaging in Neural Regeneration

· Word limit: 1,500–2,000 words, 2 pub‐lished pages maximum.

· No abstract, 2–3 images (resolution ＞300 dpi), depicting the relationship of histological injury and nerve regenera‐tion and function; and benefiting those who work in the same research fi eld.

· Structure:

Title: 90 characters (20 words) maxi‐mum. Body text:

Acknowledgments:

Author contributions:

Con fl icts of interest:

References: 10 maximum; use the refer‐ence style of.

Letters to the Editor

· A letter sent to NRR publisher about issues of concern from its readers.

· Word limit: 500–1,000 words maxi‐mum, excluding references. No abstract, tables and fi gures, 1 published page.

· Structure:

Title: 90 characters (20 words) maxi‐mum. Body text:

References: 5 maximum; use the refer‐ence style of

Preparation of Research Articles

Manuscripts must be submitted in Word format. All components of the manu‐script should be typed, double‐spaced, in Arial or Times New Roman font (11 pt). All pages should be numbered consecu‐tively beginning with the title page, fol‐lowed by the graphical abstract, abstract, introduction, materials/subjects and meth‐ods, results, discussion, references, individ‐ual tables/ fi gures and fi gure legends.

Complete title

· Should be brief (less than 20 words, 90 characters maximum), novel and infor‐mative.

· Should attract the reader’s attention.

Running title

· Should accurately reflect the main points of the paper.

· 40 characters maximum.

· Should facilitate retrieval.

Authors

· Full name of the fi rst author and his/her a fi liations (including department, institu‐tion, city with postal code and state/coun‐try, telephone number and fax number).

· For corresponding author, please list name, highest academic degree earned, professional titles, detailed correspon‐dence address, telephone number, fax number and e‐mail address.

· Indicate author contributions, grants, ac‐knowledgments and con fl icts of interest.

· Declaration of patient consent:e au‐thors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. In the form the patient(s) has/have given his/ her/their images and other clinical infor‐mation to be reported in the journal.e patients understand that their names and initials will not be published and due ef‐forts will be made to conceal their identi‐ty, but anonymity cannot be guaranteed.

Abstract page

Graphical abstract: Submission of a graphical abstract is mandatory for re‐search articles. A graphical abstract is a single‐panel fi gure that provides a visual summary of the main message of the article. Either a concluding or key fi gure from the article or a graphic speci fi cally designed to clearly represent the main conclusions of the article should be sub‐mitted to assist readers in rapidly identi‐fying papers relevant to their interests.

· Image size: a minimum of 531 × 1,328 pixels (height × width); image width within the full‐text width (18 cm); reso‐lution ≥ 300 dpi.

· File type: JPG, TIFF, PDF, or MS O ffi ce fi les are preferred.

· Font: Arial or Times New Roman.

Please see examples at http://www.elsevi‐er. com/graphicalabstracts.

Abstract: 250 words maximum, un‐structured abstract. Briefly present the background of this study and the exist‐ing controversy; explain the objective, hypothesis and innovation of the study; state the problem being investigated; list the main experimental data that supports your hypothesis; and conclude by stating the relevance of the fi ndings for the fi eld of neural regeneration.

At least 10 key words, not present in the title, to facilitate the index‐ing of your paper.

Introduction

· Present the nature and scope of the problem being investigated.

· Review brie fl y the pertinent literature.

· Provide an innovative context for the study in relation to previous work.

· State the hypothesis and the objectives of the paper.

· 1,000 words maximum.

Materials/Subjects and Methods

Materials/Subjects

General information regarding the ex‐perimental animals or subjects involved. Indicate that the work has been approved by the appropriate ethical committees related to the institution(s) and that the experimental animals used are cared in accordance with institution guidelines.

Methods

Describe the main experimental pro‐cedures and methods that would allow readers to replicate your work; cite ap‐propriately; provide the location (city, state (for US suppliers), and country) of the manufacturers or suppliers of the materials and equipment used.

Results

· Objectively and accurately describe the major fi ndings from each experiment, and try to minimize shortcomings that will draw attention from the peer reviewers.

· Describe the findings, from major to minor. Use illustrations (e.g., graphs, drawing or photographs) where appro‐priate. Graphs and drawings should be self‐explanatory.

Discussion

· Word limit: 1,000 words maximum.

· Discuss the major novel fi ndings of the study and describe the different charac‐teristics from other studies.

· Explain and extrapolate the major findings of the study; state whether the fi ndings sup‐port some viewpoint or not; purpose the new problems or concerns.

· Discuss the significance of the ma‐jor findings and how they advance the knowledge in the fi eld of neural regener‐ation.

· Provide a conclusion that clearly indi‐cates how the results met the objectives. Do not o ff er a conclusion that is not sup‐ported by su ffi cient data.

· Disclose the limitations and bias to em‐body the authenticity of the contents.

· Make suggestions for the future direction of research that builds on your fi ndings.

· Indicate the theoretical signi fi cance and practical application value of the present results and make a strong conclusion.

References

Research articles should have a minimum of 50 references and over 30% of cited references should have been published within the preceding 3 years.

NRRuses the reference style ofThe Journal of Neuroscience. Please download it from End‐Note (http://endnote.com/ downloads/style/ journal‐neuroscience).

References should be cited in the text as follows: “e procedure used has been de‐scribed elsewhere (Green, 1978),”or“Our observations are in agreement with those of Brown and Black (1979) and ofWhite et al. (1980),”or with multiple ref‐erences, in chronological order: “Earlier reports (Brown and Black, 1979, 1981; White et al., 1980; Smith, 1982, 1984).... ”.

In the list of references, the titles of journals should be abbreviated according to the style used in the Index Medicus; papers should be arranged in alphabet‐ical order according to the surname of the first author. In two‐author papers with the same first author, the order is alphabetical by the second author’s name. In three‐or‐more author papers with the same fi rst author, the order is chronolog‐ical. If there are more than 20 authors, the first 20 will be listed, followed by et al.e following formats are to be used:

Journal papers

Hamill OP, Marty A, Neher E, Sakmann B, Sigworth F (1981) Improved patch‐clamp techniques for high‐resolution current re‐cordings from cells and cell free membrane patches. Pflugers Arch 391:85‐100.

Hodgkin AL, Huxley AF (1952a) The compo‐nents of membrane conductance in the giant axon of Loligo. J Physiol (Lond) 116:473‐496.

Hodgkin AL, Huxley AF (1952b) The dual e ff ect of membrane potential on so‐dium con‐ductance in the giant axon of Loligo. J Physiol (Lond) 116:497‐506.

In-press paper

Mollica A, Costante R, Novellino E, Ste‐fanucci A, Pieretti S, Zador F, Samavati R, Borsodi A, Benyhe S, Vetter I, Lewis RJ (2014) Design, Synthesis and Biolog‐ical evaluation of two opioid agonist and Cav 2.2 blocker multi‐tar‐get ligands. Chem Biol Drug Des doi: 10.1111/ cbdd.12479.

Book

Hille B (1984) Ionic channels of excitable membranes. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer.

Chapter in a book

Stent GS (1981) Strength and weakness of the genetic approach to the development of the nervous system. In: Studies in de‐velopmental neurobiology: essays in hon‐or of Viktor Ham‐burger (Cowan WM, ed), pp288‐321. New York: Oxford UP.

Figures andables

· All illustrations (e.g., graphs, drawings and photographs) are considered to be figures. Each figure should be provided with a fully descriptive title and legend. The area(s) of interest must be clearly indicated with arrows or other symbols. Figure legends must be self‐explanatory, which should provide sufficient detail to be intelligible without reference to the main text. All micrographs should contain a magni fi cation scale bar. Please position the scale bar in the lower right corner of one micrograph or of the last panel (for multiple panels). The length of the scale bar should be indicated on the images or in the figure legend. The images contained in a fi gure are arranged in the sequence from top left to bottom right. Tags (A, B, C…) are posi‐tioned in the upper left corner of each image. All abbreviations and labels appearing on the image should be explained in figure legends. If fi gures have been reproduced from another source, written permission for reproducing the material must be attached to the covering letter. Figures should be cited consecutively in the text and number them in that order. Each figure should be placed on a separate sheet after the reference list, including the fi gure title and legend.e fi gure title should be not lettered onto the figure itself. All measurements in the fi gure are in SI (metric) units. Acomma should be used to separate thousands. Labels including “*, **, ***, #, ##, ### (in that order)” are used to identify the statistical di ff erence between datasets in the histo‐grams or line drawings.

· Color fi gure: resolution: ＞ 300 dpi; fi le for‐mat PNG, EPS, TIFF, or PDF; CMYK mode should be used rather than RGB; use of high contrasting colors for color discrimination.

· Line fi gures: resolution ＞ 1,200 dpi; line width between 0.5 and 1 point; file for‐mat EPS, PDF or TIFF.

· Grayscale fi gures: resolution ＞ 600 dpi; file format EPS, TIFF or PDF. Figures should remain clear at 300‐fold magni‐fication. Fig‐ures should be sized to fit within the column (9 cm) or the full‐text width (18 cm). All labels on the figure should be typed in Arial or Times New Roman font and be clearly legible.

Reporting Guidance

Manuscripts should be prepared in ac‐cordance with ICMJE Recommendation for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly work in Medical Journals.e following guidelines should be followed when writing an article:

· CONSORT statement (Consolidated Standards of Reportingrials): The CONSORT statement is recommended for reporting randomized controlled tri‐als, and allows di ff erent types of medical studies to be reported using di ff erent ar‐ticle types.e authors are encouraged to complete 25‐item checklist in their cover letter. In addition, the registration identi‐fi cation number and registry position of the randomized controlled trial is listed in the last line in the Abstract.

See http://www.consort‐statement.org/ for more information.

See http://www.strobe‐statement.org/ for more information.

· MOOSE checklist (a Reporting Checklist for Authors, Editors, and Reviewers of Meta-analyses of Observational Studies):is checklist is recommended for meta‐analyses of observational stud‐ies.

See https://www.editorial‐manager.com/ jognn/account/MOOSE.pdf for more in‐formation.

· PRISMA statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses):e PRISMA Statement is recommended for the reporting of systematic evaluation and meta‐analysis articles.

See http://www.prisma‐statement.org/ for more information.

· EQUATOR Network (standards for Enhancing the QUAlity andransparency Of health Research): This organi‐zation works to improve the reliability and value of reports on medical research studies by promoting transparent and accurate reporting of research studies.

See http://www.equator‐network.org/ for more information.

For more information, please see author instruction at http://www.nrronline.org/ in English or http://www.sjzsyj.org/ in Chinese.