A bimonthly

ZHANG Wei•3•

ZHAO Yu-feng•13•

LI Mian-guan YAO-Yuan•25•

LI Xue-yan•36•

HUANG Yan YANG Xiao-ran•45•

HUANG Jun•54•

GUO Chun-fu WU Shi-kun•62•

ZHANG Chao•73•

YI Song-guo•81•

SHI Bing-ying Tan Qi•89•

YANG Nan，XIANG Xiaoping，KE Wenjing，WU Yushen•99•

A bimonthly

（1）Can Social Work be Standardized and Quantified？On the Function and Scientific Attribute of Social Work

ZHANG Wei•3•

Can social work be standardized and quantified？In order to answer this question, we need to clarify the deeper questions：What is the function of social work？What is the scientific attribute of social work？Social work has the dual function of help and control ，social work is not only a reflective profession but also a professional reflective Science, these properties show the interactive and dynamic features of social work and the dialectical and reflective characteristics of the discipline and the occupation. This makes the social work process is difficult to be standardized and quantified one hundred percent. The quantitative trend of social work show：The basic question of social work has not been clarified yet. It is necessary to study and develop the basic theory of social work.

（2）Professional：rewrite the developing history of social work：Based on the perspective of sociology on profession

ZHAO Yu-feng•13•

How should we translate professionalization? Understanding from Chinese Context, one translation means scholar and the other emphasis on practice. On the basis of a comprehensive study of the original text and the background of the times, this paper argues that it should be translated into practice, and from the practical characteristics of social work, practice is also better than scholar. This paper reviews the development of western social work from the perspective of professional sociology. This paper found that the prehistoric stage in the social work occupation, social work is a bottom-up development trend, but the gov-ernment and religion played an important role in the social service has the characteristics of bringing knowledge in the service of power; In the stage of the establishment of social work occupation, the structural system has greatly promoted the process of professionalization, in which the establishment of professional groups and the improvement of the rules and regulations have led to the monopoly and autonomy of social work; In the mature stage of professional development, the different intervention of countries and regions, especially state intervention made the different forms of social work. Finally, this paper discusses the Enlightenment of the development of western social work professionalization from the aspects of practice as the basis, adaptation and transformation, and improvement of structural system.

（3）Increasing Return, Regime Lock-in and Professionalization of Social Work in China： From the Perspective of Historical Institutionalism

LI Mian-guan YAO-Yuan•25•

There is a confusing phenomenon of professionalization of social work in China： Although with strong supports from the authoritative governments, the actual progress of professionalization of social work in China is still very limited. From the perspective of historical institutionalism, this phenomenon can be explained by path dependence , which is realized through two mechanisms： First, the mechanism of increasing return, which prioritizes administrative non-professional social work, makes the space of professional social work development very limited. Second, the mechanism of regime lock-in results in the dual low status of professional social work, which makes it hardly meet the need of productivism welfare regime on one hand and get enough public resources on the other .

（4）The Problem of Child Sexual Abuse and Its Prevention Strategies

LI Xue-yan•36•

Child sexual abuse is a widespread worldwide public social problem with serious consequences; however, there is lack of systematic research on this issue in China. With intent to inspire the future research and prevention of child sexual abuse in China, this article reviewed the conceptualization, prevalence, risk factors, consequences and prevention strategies of child sexual abuse in western literature, and proposed several important points in the design of school-based child sexual abuse prevention programs.

（5）The Migrant Workers’Empowerment Based on Community ： the Action Strategy of American Workers Center

HUANG Yan YANG Xiao-ran•45•

The rise of American workers center is closely related to the transformation of American immigration policy and the adjustment of American economic and industrial structure. The workers center gives mi-grant workers legal aid, language training, vocational training and some basic services to enhance workers’selfidentification, recognized by workers. The workers center insists on taking the community as foundation, basing on the self empowerment of workers. It also adheres to the community orientation, competing and cooperating with trade union in the aspects of member recruitment, education and training, advocacy of events, etc. The growth and development strategy of American workers center are well worth learning to trade unions at all levels and grass-roots organizations in China.

（6）An Research about the Social Protection of Rural Left Behind Children：Based on the Welfare Governance Perspective

HUANG Jun•54•

Rural left behind children, with profound institutional and structural roots, is a special group emerged in the social transition period of China. At the same time, these children are the most risk and vulnerable group with weak self protection ability. They need social care and protection urgently. Based on the perspective of welfare governance, combined with the practice, researcher found that the policy system of the rural left behind children social protection is not perfect, the organization structure is unclear, and the social protection resource is shortage. The government should pay more attention on nation 's responsibility, and strengthen the responsibility awareness of families. Through the integration of community resources and the participation of social organizations, the government could improve the transmission mechanism of the social protection service which have multi subject participation. Only in this way could we deal with the social protection problem of left behind children.

（7）From Efficiency to Legitimacy： A Study on the Evolution of the Intrinsic Mechanism of Government Purchase Social Worker Services Behavior

GUO Chun-fu WU Shi-kun•62•

Due to the influence of selection mechanism of government purchase social worker services, The behavior of the government to purchase social work services presents a competitive stage of purchase, mixed purchase stage and legitimacy stage. In the competitive stage of social worker service, the government upholds efficiency and takes competitive buying behavior. In the mixed purchase stage, both the efficiency characteristics and the legitimacy characteristics, the government purchase presents a transition from efficiency to legitimacy oriented trend. In the non-competitive buying stage, the government uphold the legitimacy of the conduct, to take non-competitive purchase behavior. In view of the different characteristics of the purchase behavior, the government needs to establish institutional norms, establish organizational boundaries and improve the purchase of technology and other initiatives to improve the purchase behavior.

（8）Status Anxiety：The Legitimacy Dilemma and Its Breakthrough on Social Work Organizations

ZHANG Chao•73•

The status anxiety of social work organizations reflect not only their own anxieties, but also the collective anxieties of social organizations and the anxieties of transformation of governance system, which is the important entry point to analyze social development on the new norm of economy and society. From the point of system theory, the legitimacy dilemma of social work organizations is the identity dilemma of legitimacy system, including inner and outer dilemma, mainly show the identity gap between inner and outer legitimacy, integration disorder between politics and social legitimacy, disconnect between major and profession legitimacy. The causes of the issues include the impacts of the ecological environment, the offset of localized situation, and the constraints of organizations’authority construction process. Therefore, to reconstruct the organizations' legitimacy, measures should be taken to reshape the professional kernel, reconstruction the multiple accountability pattern, integrate the ecological structure, and multi-agents cooperate to create a green ecological environment for organizations’healthy growth.

（9）Different Area of the University Teachers' Social Work Organization Goal Function and Development Strategy

YI Song-guo•81•

Due to differences in the levels of government attaches great importance to the degree and the economic and social development, greater differences across China social work development level; And different parts of the university teachers' social work organization goal, function orientation and development strategy should also be different. According to the development of security, systematic and professionalization and specialization dimension will be divided into different parts of China social work development level of the more developed regions, developed regions and underdeveloped regions in three categories, and then three kinds of region the goal and function of university teachers' social work institutions and develop strategy were discussed and analyzed.

（10）Subject and Role Repositioning of Sanshe Linkage：Based on Perspective of Community Governance Practices

SHI Bing-ying Tan Qi•89•

Two issues in the concept of Sanshe linkage were very important. what were the subjects in the concept? How were the roles located? There was no uniform view on this issue in theory and practice. Based on the practice of community governance reform in Shenzhen and Baoding, the authors rethink the problems. There were three direct subjects in the Sanshe. Community subject included two committees and onestation;The subject of social organization included social work organization and some Social organizations;The subject of Social workers included professional social workers and community workers.Sanshe related subjects included grass-roots government and relevant departments,community residents’activists. Two types of subject roles need to be relocated.Grass-roots governments were planners;Community subject were responsible for autonomous leadership;Social workers organization should be responsible for assessing community needs,planning service projects;Social workers should provide community services.

（11）Research on the coping of young adults witnessing parental conflict from the perspective of resilience

YANG Nan，XIANG Xiaoping，KE Wenjing，WU Yushen•99•

The present study was based on the perspective of resilience，and investigated what difficulties youths having witnessed parental conflict met and how they dealt with difficulties and adjusted themselves. 5 participants were enrolled using a purposive sampling method and were deeply interviewed via semistructured interviews. The study found witnessing parental conflict affected children's physical health，personality，interpersonal relationship，the establishment of intimate relationship and marriage，and the relationship with parents，while individuals could work hard to cope with the challenges and the coping style showed obvious stage characteristics： There were more passive and simple coping styles(such as crying，simple persuasion，avoidance and so on)when they were young and they would show more active，pluralistic and initiative coping styles with the increase of age，including the response and mediation to parental conflict，awareness and response of the difficulties brought by parental conflict.