并列连词三姐妹and， but， so

吴荣华

英語中的and， but， so是最常用、最易混的三个并列连词，在高考中出现频率极高。三者如同三姐妹，彼此联系又相互区别。and表示联合或递进，意为“和，也，而且，然后，于是”等；but表示转折，意为“但是”；so表示结果，意为“因此”。此外，表示“或者，否则”的or也是常考的连词，要特别留意。

一、书面表达范文佳句欣赏

（2016全国Ⅰ卷书面表达的范文）I know you have a busy schedule， but Id be very grateful if you could take some time to go through my application letter and resume and make necessary changes. 我知道你工作繁忙，但是如果你能抽时间帮我仔细检查我的申请书和个人简历，我将不胜感激。

（2016全国Ⅱ卷书面表达的范文）I know you take good pictures and youve always wanted to do something for environmental protection. 我知道你能拍出效果好的照片，并且你也一直想为环保做些有益的事件。

（2013天津卷书面表达的范文）First， my English is very good and Im open - minded and warm-hearted， so Im getting along well with everyone. 首先，我的英语很好，而且我性格外向、有一副热心肠，因此我和每个人相处得很好。

（2013山东卷书面表达的范文）I received your email last week， but I am busy preparing for my final exam， which is vital for me， so I didnt reply to you without delay. 我上周收到你的邮件，但是我一直忙于准备期末考试，这对我很重要，因此我没有及时回复你。

二、语法改错真题例析

1.（2016四川卷语法填空）It was time for her to have a new baby， _______ it was also time for the young panda to be independent.

解析：从it was also time for可以判断出两个分句之间是递进关系，故填and，意为“而且”。

2.（2014全国Ⅱ卷语法填空）There were many people waiting at the bus stop， ______ some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.

解析：“其中一些人看起来很焦急、失望”与“有很多人在车站等车”为递进关系，故填and。

3.（2016全国Ⅰ卷短文改错）Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are used for cooking.

解析：句意为“每天他确保新鲜的蔬菜和高品质的油用来烹调。”fresh vegetables与high quality oil应为并列关系而非选择关系，故改or为and。

4.（2016全国Ⅱ卷短文改错）If we stay at home， it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.

解析：句意为“如果我们待在家里，很舒服，而且也没有必要花钱。”故改but为and。

5.（2016四川卷短文改错）Mom has a full-time job， so she has to do most of the housework.

解析：因“母亲做全职工作”与“她不得不做大部分家务”是转折关系，故改so为but。

三、巩固练习

语法填空

1.（2014湖南卷） Neighbors should do all they can to avoid disturbing other people， _____ there are times when some level of disturbance is unavoidable.

2.（2008广东卷） He was very tired from doing this for a whole day， _____ he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher.

3.（2013广州一模）“We love China and we love children，”Donity said，“ _____ we are happy to do this. ”

4.（2009深圳二模）Looking back， I know the greatest difficulty on our way to success is our fear； overcome it， _____ we will be able to achieve our goals.

短文改错

5.（2016四川卷）She is a great mother. Both Dad or I planned to do something on Mothers Day.

6.（2015四川卷）In fact， I dont like to go any more， so Im afraid Ill lose their friendship.

7.（2014陕西卷）We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured.

8.（2014四川卷）If you notice that someone is missing and hurt， tell your teacher immediately.

9.（2014浙江卷）A passenger realized he couldnt find his ticket but became quite upset.

10.（2014大纲卷）The more friends we have， the more we can learn from one another， but the more pleasure we can share together.

11.（2013大纲卷）My father is hardworking but goes to work in the field every day.

12.（2013陕西卷）I wanted to give up， and my grandfather told me to wait a little longer.

13.（2013浙江卷）His new job meant I had to say goodbye to my classmates， my school or just everything else I love in the world.

14.（2013四川卷）We were warned not to cheat again so she would need to see our parents.

15.（2010全国I卷）All I had to do was to write a story or present it.

16.（2012全国大纲卷）What s more， we can go to work by bike once and twice a week， and we can also buy smaller cars that burn less oil.

17.（2012陕西卷）It is in the downtown area， but it is easy to go anywhere from the hotel by public transport.

18.（2012浙江卷）I called my parents， so I did not tell them what had happened.

19.（2011全国大纲Ⅰ卷）I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag from the floor and then I realized that someone had stolen it.

书面表达

20.（2013全国Ⅱ卷） 很高兴再次见到珍妮，但是我不想和她一起度过一整天。

I was glad to meet Jenny again， _______________________.

21.（2013吉林期末）我叫刘阳，一位十八岁的男生，在吉林希望高中学习，性格随和且独立性强，因此对我来说适应新环境很容易。

I am Liu Yang， a 18-year-old boy studying in Hope High School of Jilin， who ____________________________________________________.

22. 他聪明勤奋，富有想象力和创造力，因此，他一定能胜任这份工作。

He is intelligent，diligent，imaginative and creative，______________________________________.

23.（2016全国Ⅰ卷） 我打算在暑期去我市一家外资公司做兼职，并且已写好了申请书和个人简历。

Im applying for a part-time job at a foreign company in my city during the summer vacation，

.

24.（2007年全国II卷） 本酒店24小时提供热水服务并且游泳池可以随时免费使用。

Hot water is available 24 hours every day in our hotel______________________________.

25.（2011全国Ⅰ卷） 有人告诉我学习中心为学生提供帮助，于是我渴望得到你们的帮助。

I was told the Learning Center provides help for students _________________________________________________.

巩固练习的参考答案

语法填空：1. but 2. but 3. and 4. and

短文改错：5. or→and 6. so→but 7. but→and 8. and→or 9. but→and 10. but→and 11. but→and 12. and→but 13. or→and 14. so—or 15. or→and 16. once and twice→once or twice 17. but→and/so 18. so→but 19. but→and

書面表达

20. but I didnt want to spend all day with her

21. is easy-going and quite independent so it is easy for me to adapt to a new environment

22. so he is sure to be qualified for this job

23. and I have just completed my application letter and resume

24. and you can have free access to the swimming pool any time you want

25. and Im anxious to get help from you

责任编辑 蒋小青