肾癌术后患者5-氟尿嘧啶血药浓度与肾功能及毒副作用的相关性研究

2017-08-07 22:02蔡维敏陈婷婷符克英
中国全科医学 2017年23期
关键词:毒副作用氟尿嘧啶肾癌

蔡维敏,陈婷婷,魏 英,符克英



·论著·

肾癌术后患者5-氟尿嘧啶血药浓度与肾功能及毒副作用的相关性研究

蔡维敏1*,陈婷婷1,魏 英1,符克英2

目的 探讨肾癌术后患者5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)血药浓度与肾功能、毒副作用的关系,为实施个体化治疗提供依据。方法 选取2013年8月—2016年2月在海南省人民医院泌尿外科行肾癌根治性切除术患者92例为研究对象,均给予基于5-FU的综合化疗,共4个疗程。检测化疗后5-FU血药浓度与肾功能指标尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)水平,采用WHO毒性分级标准评价骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应、手足综合征、口腔黏膜炎等毒副作用的严重程度。根据5-FU血药浓度,将患者分为<300.0 μg/L组(42例)和≥300.0 μg/L组(50例)。结果 92例患者5-FU血药浓度为179.2~1 589.6 μg/L,平均(569.5±29.5)μg/L。≥300.0 μg/L组血清BUN、Cr水平均高于<300.0 μg/L组,骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应、手足综合征、口腔黏膜炎等毒副作用严重程度均高于<300.0 μg/L组(P<0.05)。5-FU血药浓度与BUN、Cr水平呈正相关(r=0.413,P=0.008;r=0.398,P=0.010)。结论 肾癌术后患者5-FU血药浓度变异性较大,5-FU血药浓度过高可导致肾功能异常,加重毒副作用,临床可通过监测5-FU血药浓度为实施个体化治疗提供依据。

肾肿瘤;氟尿嘧啶;血药浓度;肾功能;药物毒性

蔡维敏,陈婷婷,魏英,等.肾癌术后患者5-氟尿嘧啶血药浓度与肾功能及毒副作用的相关性研究[J].中国全科医学,2017,20(23):2858-2861.[www.chinagp.net]

CAI W M,CHEN T T,WEI Y,et al.Correlation of plasma concentration of 5-fluorouracil with renal function and adverse effects of 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy in patients with radical surgery for renal cell carcinoma[J].Chinese General Practice,2017,20(23):2858-2861.

肾癌是泌尿系统常见的恶性肿瘤之一,约占成年人恶性肿瘤的3.0%。手术结合术后化疗为肾癌的主要治疗方法,但由于肾癌的恶性程度较高,部分患者对化疗不太敏感[1-2]。5-氟尿嘧啶(5-fluorouracil,5-FU)持续静脉滴注是肾癌的常用化疗方法,进入人体内的5-FU主要由肝脏代谢,其中80%~85%由肝脏二氢嘧啶脱氢酶(DPD)将5-FU降解为二氢氟尿嘧啶[3-4]。DPD是5-FU代谢的关键性限速酶,与5-FU化疗时的毒副作用有密切关系,对预后与肾功能也有明显影响[5-6]。相关研究表明,5-FU的治疗窗窄,血药浓度偏高易引起各种毒副作用,血药浓度偏低则不会产生相应的化疗效果[7-8]。并且,由于存在个体差异,同样的剂量可能产生不同的治疗效果和毒副作用[9]。本研究通过对5-FU血药浓度的检测,结合肾功能、化疗疗效及毒副作用的分析,探讨肾癌术后患者化疗血药浓度与肾功能的相关性,为临床合理用药提供依据。

1 对象与方法

1.1 研究对象 选取2013年8月—2016年2月在海南省人民医院泌尿外科行肾癌根治性切除术患者92例为研究对象,其中男52例,女40例;年龄21~78岁,平均年龄(65.2±3.2)岁;体质指数(22.1±2.2)kg/m2;肿瘤直径(3.4±0.4)cm;肿瘤类型为透明细胞癌62例,颗粒细胞癌17例,混合细胞癌13例;临床分期为Ⅰ期40例,Ⅱ期30例,Ⅲ期22例。纳入标准:经组织病理学或细胞学检查确诊为肾癌;化疗前血常规无异常;年龄18~80岁;预计生存期≥3个月;既往4周内未接受化疗、放疗或其他手术;无其他不能耐受本研究的躯体或心理疾病;CT扫描无脑转移;对本研究知情同意。本研究得到海南省人民医院医学伦理委员会批准。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 化疗 患者均给予基于5-FU的综合化疗,紫杉醇(江苏恒瑞医药股份有限公司)75 mg/m2静脉滴注3 h;亚叶酸(江苏恒瑞医药股份有限公司)200 mg/m2静脉滴注2 h;5-FU(上海旭东海普药业有限公司)375 mg/m2静脉注射;5-FU 2.5 g/m2静脉滴注46 h。每2周重复1次,2次/疗程,治疗观察4个疗程。

1.2.2 实验室测定 在治疗后当日进行5-FU血药浓度的测定,抽取患者空腹静脉血,4 ℃条件下以3 000 r/min离心10 min,分离取上层血浆放置于-80 ℃冰箱待测。在色谱分析中,流动相用0.01 mol/L缓冲液KH2PO2H3PO(pH为3.0),流速1 ml/min,温度37 ℃,对照物为标准5-FU,采用Agilent色谱仪(美国ABBOTT公司),在波长为270 nm处测定5-FU浓度[4]。采用AU2700型全自动生化分析仪(日本奥林巴斯公司)检测尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)水平。

1.2.3 毒副作用评价 化疗结束后,采用WHO毒性分级标准评价毒副作用,主要包括骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应、手足综合征、口腔黏膜炎等,根据严重程度分为Ⅰ~Ⅳ级[6]。

2 结果

2.2 肾功能指标比较 ≥300.0 μg/L组血清BUN、Cr水平均高于<300.0 μg/L组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,见表1)。

2.3 毒副作用 ≥300.0 μg/L组骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应、手足综合征、口腔黏膜炎等毒副作用严重程度均高于<300.0 μg/L组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,见表2)。

Table 1 Comparison of levels of renal function markers between the two groups

组别例数BUN(mmol/L)Cr(μmol/L)<300.0μg/L组42 5.1±2.9 60.8±18.7 ≥300.0μg/L组5015.2±3.1156.4±21.8t值16.11622.351P值<0.001<0.001

注:BUN=尿素氮,Cr=肌酐

表2 两组毒副作用严重程度比较〔n(%)〕

2.4 相关性分析 Pearson相关分析显示,5-FU血药浓度与BUN、Cr水平呈正相关(r=0.413,P=0.008;r=0.398,P=0.010)。

3 讨论

肾癌是泌尿系统常见的恶性肿瘤之一,全世界每年死于肾癌近10万例,而我国肾癌发病率仅次于膀胱癌,居泌尿系肿瘤第二位[10]。手术为肾癌的主要治疗方法,但需要在术后配合合理的化疗。5-FU是肾癌化疗的常用药,化疗后的毒副作用和疗效个体差异较大,有时会出现致命的毒性,为此需进行化疗药物血药分析,寻找到最佳剂量以达到最好的效果[11]。

5-FU在体内的代谢过程受多种因素影响,其中最重要的影响因素为DPD,DPD可将80%的5-FU转化为二氢氟尿嘧啶排出体外,减少5-FU在体内的蓄积,而5-FU的转化与患者性别、年龄、肿瘤分期、病理类型、肿瘤部位有一定的相关性,具有生理节律性[12-13]。本研究显示,92例肾癌患者5-FU血药浓度变异较大(179.2~1 589.6 μg/L),平均(569.5±29.5)μg/L。根据患者5-FU血药浓度变化规律可及时调整5-FU的用药剂量及给药间隔,对减轻5-FU的毒副作用,提高患者的生存质量有重要意义。

肾癌的发病机制涉及神经内分泌的激活、氧化应激、炎性因子异常表达、血流动力学异常等,最终可导致肾功能不全,影响肾功能[14]。并且,肾癌也可致肾组织结构损坏,肾单位减少,导致肾功能下降[15]。而5-FU静脉给药后其血浆清除t1/2为6~20 min,5-FU持续静脉滴注可使药物更长时间地作用于S期细胞,也能增加药物的剂量强度[16-17]。本研究显示,5-FU血药浓度≥300.0 μg/L组血清BUN、Cr水平均高于<300.0 μg/L组;Pearson相关分析显示,5-FU血药浓度与BUN、Cr水平呈正相关。表明5-FU血药浓度过高可导致有效肾单位的减少及肾功能的减退,应根据患者肾功能指标的变化及时调整5-FU剂量。

5-FU是当前常用的化疗药物之一,其用法有多种,毒副作用也各不相同[18]。相关研究表明,肾癌患者对以5-FU持续静脉滴注的化疗方案毒副作用有明显的个体差异;即使是同一患者在不同疗程毒副作用的严重程度也不尽相同[19]。目前临床多是通过检测5-FU血药浓度来控制毒副作用的发生[20-21]。本研究显示,5-FU血药浓度≥300.0 μg/L组骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应、手足综合征、口腔黏膜炎等毒副作用严重程度均高于<300.0 μg/L组。表明肾癌患者可通过检测5-FU血药浓度,使5-FU稳态血药浓度维持在一定的水平以预防毒副作用。

综上所述,肾癌术后患者5-FU血药浓度变异性较大,5-FU血药浓度过高可导致肾功能异常,加重毒副作用,临床可通过监测5-FU血药浓度为实施个体化治疗提供依据。本研究尚存在一定的局限性,如样本量相对较小,未动态监测5-FU血药浓度,未来需更加完善相关数据收集过程,进一步分析5-FU血药浓度与肾癌术后患者肾功能及毒副作用的关系。

作者贡献:蔡维敏进行文章的构思与设计、研究的实施与可行性分析、统计学处理、结果的分析与解释、撰写论文,对文章整体负责,并监督管理;陈婷婷、魏英进行数据收集、整理;符克英进行论文的修订,负责文章的质量控制及审校。

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(本文编辑:吴立波)

Correlation of Plasma Concentration of 5-fluorouracil with Renal Function and Adverse Effects of 5-fluorouracil-based Chemotherapy in Patients with Radical Surgery for Renal Cell Carcinoma

CAIWei-min1*,CHENTing-ting1,WEIYing1,FUKe-ying2

1.UrologicSurgery,HainanGeneralHospital,Haikou570311,China2.CentralLaboratory,HainanGeneralHospital,Haikou570311,China

*Correspondingauthor:CAIWei-min,Nurse-in-charge;E-mail:caiweimin38@163.com

Objective To investigate the correlation of plasma concentration of 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) with renal function and adverse effects of 5-FU-based chemotherapy in patients with radical surgery for renal cell carcinoma,so as to provide a reference for developing individualized treatment for these patients.Methods We enrolled 92 consecutive cases of renal cell carcinoma who

radical surgery and four cycles of 5-FU-based comprehensive chemotherapy from August 2013 to February 2016.The measurement of plasma concentration of 5-FU and levels of renal function markers,such as BUN and Cr was performed after the chemotherapy.Patients who had plasma concentration of 5-FU <300.0 μg/L and ≥300.0 μg/L were assigned to <300.0 μg/L group(n=42) and ≥300.0 μg/L(n=50) group,respectively.The WHO Toxicity Grading Scale for Determining the Severity of Adverse Events was used to assess the severity of adverse effects of the chemotherapy,such as myelosuppression,gastrointestinal reactions,hand-foot syndrome,and oral mucositis.Results The plasma concentration of 5-FU in all the participants ranged from 179.2 μg/L to 1 589.6 μg/L,averaged (569.5±29.5)μg/L.Compared with those in the <300.0 μg/L group,patients in the ≥300.0 μg/L group had much higher levels of serum BUN and Cr,and they were more serious on myelosuppression,gastrointestinal reactions,hand-foot syndrome,and oral mucositis(P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the BUN and Cr levels increased with the plasma concentration of 5-FU(r=0.413,P=0.008;r=0.398,P=0.010).Conclusion The plasma concentration of 5-FU varies greatly in patients with radical surgery for renal cell carcinoma receiving 5-FU-based chemotherapy.Excessive high plasma concentration of 5-FU can lead to abnormal renal function and aggravate the adverse effects of the chemotherapy.Therefore,the plasma concentration of 5-FU can be used as a reference for developing individualized treatment for such patients.

Kidney neoplasms;Fluorouracil;Plasma concentration;Kidney function;Drug toxicity

2012年度海南省卫生厅医学科研项目(琼卫2012PT-16)

R 737.11

A

10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2017.23.011

2016-12-14;

2017-06-09)

1.570311海南省海口市,海南省人民医院泌尿外科 2.570311海南省海口市,海南省人民医院中心实验室

*通信作者:蔡维敏,主管护师;E-mail:caiweimin38@163.com

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