高中生英语听力误区和能力提升

2017-09-26 12:53梁春芳
课程教育研究·新教师教学 2015年15期
关键词:听力误区能力

梁春芳

【摘要】听力和阅读一样都要获取相关信息,并对相关信息进行加工、理解,其唯一的区别就是前者通过听觉来获取信息,后者通过视觉来获取信息。我们在教学活动中,可以通过视觉上的积累和听觉上的刺激,以及在活动过程中的感知和体会,使听力能力得到有效地提高。现就本人在教学活动中注意到的学生听力的误区和应注意的能力部分进行总结。

【关键词】听力 ; 误区 ; 能力

【中图分类号】G633.41 【文献标识码】B 【文章编号】2095-3089(2015)15-0092-01

一、学生听力过程中的误区

1.听前只看选项,不看题干。因为时间的关系,有的同学粗略的看选项,觉得选项能给自己以提示,但在听的过程中,我们往往会发现三个选项都会提到,怎么办?关键还在题干,与题干有关的才是相关的信息。

2.听力填空时,思维受到局限,仅盯个别词而错过相关信息。例如18.When is Sarah Jones giving a talk? At about _____ oclock on Saturday evening.学生们知道这里填一个有关时间的数字并且是整点,但听得过程中会去抓oclock这个词,而材料中是It starts eight p.m.,因而会导致错过重要信息。

3.试图听和题干或选项相同的词,或听到与选项部分相同的词会毫不犹豫的选。例如:听力材料:

M:Right, class, therere some changes to your exam timetable.Your maths exam will be changed to the next day.

W:You mean the eighteenth?

M:Yes, and the exam will start and end one hour earlier.

题干:What are the two speakers talking about?

选项:A.Exam results B.Time for the exam C.change of class hours

这道题学生会误选C,因为其中有change class等词,这样学生很容易被误导。

二、学生应具备的听力能力

1.听力预测能力。

⑴听的过程中,对接下来的内容有所预测。这就要求我们要有一定的常识,如:听力材料W: We could go to a ball game this evening.Oh,would you rather eat in the restaurant than see a film? W:To tell you the truth, I cant really go anywhere this evening, because I am expecting a very important phone call.

題干:Why will the woman stay home in the evening?根据常识,我们知道出于礼貌,她一定会解释呆在家的原因。

⑵把题干和选项组成一个信息链,预测听力的内容和主题。良好的预测能力可以降低听力的难度。

⑶听力填空时,对所填信息的预测,如对所填词的词性进行预测(有关时间,年龄等数词、名词、形容词、代词、动词等)并根据空前和空后对意思进行预测,这样在听出音时能做出快速反应。例如,When David attended university, his major was ____.根据题所知,这儿需要一个表科目的名词,所以当听到physics时,能很快做出反应。

2.听力理解能力。

⑴词和短语的理解。例如:If people want to join the program, what should they do after the meeting? A.Take a prsent B.Pay for the program C.Sign on a piece of paper

听力材料:If youre interested in it,please write your name on this piece of paper after the meeting.write your name=sign.所以选C。又如:Where should Mary Clinton meet her host family?

A.In the hall B.Outside the hall C. Downstairs听力材料:If your surname begins with the letter A to F, your host family will be waiting for you in the hall. For those names begin with G to L, you should go downstairs…要想做对这道题,材料中的surname很关键,它的意思是family name (姓),而且根据常识外国人的姓在后名在前,因此题干中Mary Clinton应根据第一句来选A。

⑵对句子的理解。对句子的理解常常要注意否定词和语法结构。例如Not only was he interested,but he was attracted by the story. A.He was not interested in the story but he thought it attractive. B.He attracted the story because he was not interested.C.He was interested in the story and was attracted by it.句型Not only…but (also)不仅……而且……表并列,因此选C。endprint

⑶对上下文的理解。例如:Why does the man want to make changes in what has been written?

M:Id like to put an ad in the paper,please.…

W:Well ,the price depends on the length of the words, so if you want to use shorter words, that might save you some money.

M:Thats a good idea,I have everything written ort here, but Ill just check it over before I give it to you. Maybe I should use phrases instead of sentences.

從上下文我们得知这位男士想要做广告,女士告诉他广告的费用取决于字数,如果使用较少的词可以省钱,由此我们可以推断出男士做出修改的目的是使印刷的费用更低。

3.听力推断能力。

⑴对数字的推断,例如,I have been here since I graduated from Beijing University. Then I was twenty four, now I am fourty.题干:How many years have passed since the man graduated from the university?

⑵对人物关系的推断。常见的题干:Whats the probable relationship between the speakers?例如:

M:Hello, its…it is Carol, isnt it?

W:Oh, Mile? Oh, my goodness. I havent seen you for ages.

M:Nice to see you again after all these year.

听的过程中,我们可以注意到对方能叫出名字,但又不太确定,并且表现出了惊讶和感叹,以及多年没见,可推断出两者可能是老同学或校友的关系。

⑶对其它的推断。可以从材料中的某处或多处综合信息对其它内容进行推断。例如,Where does the woman want to go? A. An office B. A fruit shop C.A police station

M:Hello

W:Hello, Mark. Its Jane. I think Im close to your office.

……

M:Walk ahead for about two hundred metres and our office building is right across the road.

根据首尾可推断出这位女士想要去office

“Rome was not built in a day. (罗马之建非一日之功)”同样,听力能力的提高也要循序渐进,高中生们应努力做到:1.积累大量的词汇,并且要英汉会转换,英英巧对应。2.每天坚持听10分钟左右,并反复地听熟悉的材料。3.听的时候注意模仿,在模仿的过程中,要注意弱读、连读等。4.具有良好的心理素质。听的时候切勿过度紧张,且要有耐心。5.结合常识。我相信多听、多感知、多总结、多体会就一定有收获。endprint

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