浅谈英语说明文概要的写作方法

毛春霞

重點诠释

1. 说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，用简洁明了的语言来解释说明事物，阐明事理，从而给读者提供知识的一种文体。

2. 在高考书面表达中，其主要命题形式为图表式作文，有时也以图画式和提纲式作文来呈现写作材料。

3. 它要求语言要简明扼要，通俗易懂，说明过程讲究层次性和条理性。

4. 这种文体通常用第三人称，时态以一般现在时为主。

说明文主要类型

1. 描写某事物的性质功用。

2. 针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。

3. 介绍某现象及其原因和结果。

Passage 1： In the passage， the writer introduces the idea of a balloon robot to us， especially how it helps to guide people to their destination， from which we know it may become popular in the future.

参考模板

我们根据说明文的不同类型， 分别给出三种参考模板：

1. 描写某事物的性质功用。即“对象 + 性质功用 + 利好”：

（In the passage） the writer introduces... （对象） to us， especially its... （性质或功用）， from which we know...（对象带来的利好）.

2. 针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。即“问题 + 解决方法”：

The passage tells us... （问题）， including... （方法1）， ...（方法2） and... （方法3）.

3. 介绍某现象及其原因和结果。即“现象 + 原因 + 结果”：

（The author / writer said / talks about）... （现象） of...， because / but... （原因/本质1）， and... （原因/本质2）.

特别提醒：在高考读写任务中， 多为说明某种社会现象的说明文，此类型说明文的模板如下：

a. 现象揭示类：

This article points out the common phenomenon—...（主题）， which... （补充解释）.

b. 利弊对比类：

The article compares the disadvantages / benefits of A and B. A... while B...

The passage discusses the impact （影响） of sth. On the positive side...， but it may also...

c. 研究显示类：

The study reveals （揭露） that...

The purpose of the report is to show that...

典型例题

阅读下面短文， 然后以约30个词概括这段短文的内容。

Eye care is an important factor in all of our lives. However， we often ignore it. With an image not being able to see one day， anyone must think that is terrible. Without good eyesight， we seem to be able to do nothing， not to mention watching TV or reading books. Therefore， eye protection is necessary. It gives us not only a clear vision but a better future.In daily lives， what can we do to take care of eyes？ Firstly， as far as diet is concerned， we should eat more carrots， fish and some food rich in vitamins （维生素） and minerals （矿物质）. Secondly， dont sit before a computer screen or TV for too long a time and take regular rest from time to time so as to relax eye muscles （肌肉）. It is helpful to look at green trees or fields. Thirdly， having enough sleep is the best rest for eyes.Besides， you should know how to keep eyes healthy. There are some dangers to eyes in our daily lives. You should keep them in mind. Bright sunlight is harmful to eyes. Therefore， when going out， especially in summer time when the sunlight is too strong， put on a pair of highquality sunglasses， which is able to play a good role in the eye care. Be away from smoke because smoke is bad for our eyes too. Take eye exercise every day to help relax eye muscles.Last but not least， take regular medical examinations to check out possible eye diseases and prevent eyes deterioration （退化）. Eyes are the most important organs （器官）， and we should use proper eye care products to avoid harm and make sure of good eyesight.

【解题过程】 本文在指出眼睛的重要性之后， 紧接着提出问题“为保护眼睛， 我们可以做些什么呢”，然后分三点说明应该做些什么。因此，我们可以套用“问题 + 解决方法”模式作答。参考答案：Our eyes are important for us， so the author tells us how to take care of our eyes， including eating healthy food， giving them enough time to rest， knowing some threats， and taking frequent eye examinations.

巩固练习： 对号入座

练习1：阅读下面短文，然后以约30个词概括该文的主要内容。（短文略）

The writer introduces the idea of a balloon robot， especially how it helps to guide people to their destination without being connected to the Internet， from which we know it may become popular in the future.

（“对象 + 性质功能 + 利好”模式）

练习2：阅读下面短文， 然后以约30个词概括该文的主要内容。（短文略）

The passage tells us how to be a good friend， including listening more to friends talking， offering help when necessary， staying with them and making plans together.

（“问题 + 解决方法”模式）

练习3：阅读下面短文， 然后以约30个词概括该文的主要内容。（短文略）

The passage introduces some examples to show that chemistry is everywhere in our life， especially its good effects， from which we know we should understand it more to help ourselves live better.

（对象 + 功能）

练习4：阅读下面短文， 然后以约30个词概括该文的主要内容。（短文略）

The passage tells us how to stay healthy with our pets， including washing hands often， wearing gloves while cleaning the pets or their cages， taking them for examinations regularly and giving them proper food， etc.

（問题 + 解决方法）

练习5：阅读下面短文， 然后以约30个词概括该文的主要内容。（短文略）

The passage said Chinese Education Ministry has paid close attention to selfprotection education among school students because some knowledge about selfprotection may help one survive in case of emergency.

（现象 + 原因）

备考策略

1. 打好词汇语法基础。

2. 阅读注意概括要点。

3. 关注社会现象和社会热点，学会用英语表达想法。

4. 每天一篇作文训练 （25分钟）。

5. 积累“万能”句型，写作常用到的正确句型。

6. 建立词句“错题集”。

7. 保证卷面整洁美观。