“治未病”的东方智慧

文/五花肉

养生一词，最早见于《庄子 养生主》，以“治未病”为核心内涵，历经两千多年演进，形成了“因人施养”、“身心俱养”、“全面养生”的养生实践，成为世界医学保健的文化瑰宝。

The word "Health Preservation" first appeared in "Chuang-tzu Essentials of health preservation " and took"Health Preservation" as its core connotation. After more than 2,000 years of evolution, it has formed the practice of " Health Preservation in Accordance with Individual Body Constitution", "Health Preservation in Body and Mind" and "All-round Way Health Preservation" and has become the cultural treasure of medical care in the world.

因人施养

Health Preservation in Accordance with Individual Body Constitution

“上工治未病之病”，早在2000多年前，《黄帝内经》就首次提出“治未病”的概念，进而以阴阳为划分标准，将人体分为“太阴”“少阴”、“太阳”、“少阳”和“阴阳和平”五类体质，“凡五人者，其态不同，其筋骨气血各不等”，根据五类体质人群在生理、药物耐受性、对外界适应能力等方面的差异性，提出了“因人施养”的养生思想。

"Preventive Treatment of Disease is top priority". As early as 2000 years ago, "the Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine" (the earliest Chinese medical classics) first put forward the concept of "Preventive Treatment of Disease" and then divided the human body into five types of constitution: "Taiyin","Shaoyin", " Taiyang", " Shaoyang" and " Yangping"based on Yin and Yang (the two opposing principles in nature). People have five diあerent body constitution types, and their bones and muscles have different qi and blood. According to the diあerences in physiology,drug tolerance and body adaptability among the five types of constitution groups, the health-preserving thought of "Health Preservation in Accordance with Individual Body Constitution" was put forward.

全面养生

All-round Way Health Preservation

到了东汉时期，“医圣”张仲景所著的《伤寒杂病论》进一步丰富了养生的理论和内涵，建立了“饮食养生”、“顺时养生”、“养慎”等一系列理论体系，倡导“全面养生”，饮食应“服食节其冷热苦酸辛甘”，顺应四季做到“春夏养阳，秋冬养阴”；生活有节做到“内养正气，外慎风寒”。

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing's "Treatise on Febrile Diseases" further enriched the theory and connotation of health preservation and established a series of theoretical systems such as "Diet Health Preservation", "Health Preservation Along with Seasons" and "Health Preservation in Mind".Zhang Zhongjing advocated"All-round Way Health Preservation". Diet Health Preservation emphasized "Moderate diet and Not picky eater". Health Preservation Along with Seasons emphasized "Nourishing Yang in Spring and Summer and Nourishing Yin in Autumn and Winter". Moderate life style emphasized "keep healthy internal qi and guard against wind and cold outside".

身心俱养

Health Preservation in Body and Mind

魏晋时期，嵇康在前人养生思想基础上编撰《养生论》，提出了身心俱养的新标准，将养生归纳为“养身”和“养神”两大体系，养身注重饮食调养，“守之以一，养之以和”，以养神克服“名利、喜怒、声色、滋味、神虑”等养生“五难”，“不祈喜而有福，不求寿而自延”。

During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Ji Kang compiled Health Preservation Theory on the basis of predecessors' health preservation thoughts, and proposed a new standard of "Health Preservation in Body and Mind", which summarized health preservation into two major systems: "Physical Health Preservation" and "Mind Health Preservation" with emphasis on diet and health maintenance. Ji Kang emphasized harmonious and peace mind to overcome the "Five Diきculties" in health preservation such as "fame and wealth; emotion; carnal pleasures; appetite;and contemplation" and to realize happiness and life prolongation without blessing.

现代养生

Modern Health preservation

工业文明时代，养生保健内涵进一步丰富，党的十九大报告提出“健康中国战略”，催生出以全方位、全周期健康服务为特征的“大健康”理念，养生服务、保健器材、旅游养生等标准相继出台，标准体系持续健全。

In the era of industrial civilization, the health care industry has been gradually divided into different categories. The "Healthy China Strategy" put forward in the report of the 19th National Congress of the CPC has given birth to the "Big Health"industry characterized by all-round and full-cycle health services. Health preservation services, health preservation equipment, health preservation tourism and other standards have been developed one after another, and the standard system continues to be sound.

结 语

Conclusion

党的十九大报告指出“人民健康是民族昌盛和国家富强的重要标志”。在东方养生从传统玄学范畴成长为定性与定量相结合的医学保健学科过程中，标准化思想发挥了积极的作用，并将继续引领其迈入高质量发展的新时代。

The report of the party's 19th national congress pointed out that "People's health is an important symbol of national prosperity and national prosperity". In the process of the development of oriental health preservation system from the traditional metaphysics category to the medical health care science combining qualitative and quantitative methods, standardization thought has played an active role and will continue to lead it into a new era of high-quality development.