基于游客和居民不同视角的江南古镇景观地域特征感知研究——以同里古镇为例

张 琳

杨 珂

刘滨谊*

刘苏燕

地域性景观是在一定的地域空间由自然要素和人文因素相作用形成的综合体，既包括在这块土地上由自然成因构成的景观，也包括由于人类生产生活对自然改造形成的大地景观[1]，以及当地居民特有的乡土文化和民风民俗。江南古镇是地域性景观的典型代表，具有悠久的历史和浓郁的文化，呈现出“小桥、流水、人家”的聚落空间特征，保留着集生态、形态、情态于一体的传统景观风貌，不仅是宝贵的历史文化遗产，也是一种重要的文化旅游资源。20年来江南古镇旅游的迅速发展说明其地域文化景观对游客具有持久的吸引力。而在现有发展模式下，古镇景观的地域特征是否被游客充分认识、感受和体验到了？当地居民对这种地域景观价值的认知度如何？是否发生了变化？本文以地域景观保护较好、旅游发展较成熟的同里为例，以景观行为感受为媒介，分别对当地居民和游客的地域特征感知度进行了调研和分析，提取了对于游客感知具有显著影响的地域性景观要素，厘清了居民和游客地域感知存在差异的原因，并提出了对策建议，以发挥古镇在保护地域景观、延续历史文脉、保持文化多样性等方面的积极作用，推进文化和旅游的融合发展。

1 调研方法与数据获取

1.1 基地概况

同里古镇地处苏州吴江市，宋代建镇，是江苏省第一批以镇为单位的重点文物保护古建筑群，古镇保护区约1km2。同里东临同里湖，西接庞山湖，南傍叶泽湖、南星湖，北枕九里湖，四面环水，“川”字形的15条小河把古镇区分隔成7个小岛，而49座古桥又将其连成一体，素有“水乡同里五湖包，东西南北处处桥”之说[2]。建筑以明清风格的深宅大院为主，其中退思园作为九大苏州园林之一，2000年登录世界文化遗产，同里因此成为唯一一座拥有世界遗产的古镇。在旅游发展的过程中，同里不仅保存了完整的古镇格局和水乡风貌，而且鼓励原居民留住古镇，以展现和传承当地具有特色的文化风俗，成为江南水乡古镇旅游发展的典范和代表。本文以同里古镇为研究对象，于2018年5月和10月进行了2次实地调查，采用问卷调研、照片识别、深度访谈、路径跟踪等方式，获得居民和游客对古镇景观地域特征感知度的评价数据。

1.2 调研设计

大量研究表明，感知价值与旅游目的地的满意度直接相关，并对其保护发展具有重要意义[3-5]。本文认为，使游客获得对地域景观的认知和理解，使居民获得对地域文化的归属感和自豪感，从而激发二者对传统景观的主动保护行为，是发展古镇旅游的重要意义所在。所以本次调研以获得当地居民和游客对古镇景观的地域特征感知度为主要目标，由量表问卷和PEI照片引导组成。量表问卷包括受访者基本信息和感知度量表，通过“建筑风貌”“街巷空间”“景观要素”3个题项进行居民和游客对物质景观地域特征感知度的评价；通过“乡土民情”“传统文化”“特色美食”3个题项进行非物质景观地域性特征感知的评价。采用李克特五级评分，从“非常赞同”到 “很不赞同”分别用5～1分来测量。

在完成量表问卷调研后，参考PEI照片引导访谈方法，请受访者对同里地域景观进行照片识别。课题组在同里古镇现场拍摄了6组场景照片，分别是具有代表性的建筑风貌、街巷空间、景观要素、乡土民情、传统文化和特色美食(因为一些传统文化活动现在很少见到，在该组补充了4张网络图片)。每组照片4～5张，调研人员利用IPAD设备向受访者进行一对一的照片展示及访谈，请受访者从中选择出认为能够代表同里地域景观特色的照片，每组选择不超过2张。

1.3 数据获取

调研期间共发放游客问卷173份，回收170份，其中缺失值较多的问卷3份，视为无效，有效问卷170份，其余少量缺失值用均值替代；共发放居民问卷107份，回收106份，其中缺失值较多的问卷1份，视为无效，有效问卷106份，其余少量缺失值用均值替代。

2 调研分析与发现

2.1 居民和游客对物质景观地域特征的感知度分析

1)建筑风貌地域特征感知。

同里古镇除了38座明清园宅及众多的乡绅宅院、名人故居外，其民居建筑依河而筑、家家临水、户户垂杨，合院式住宅前后临河、临水型住宅前街后河、面水型住宅隔街而河[6]，颇具特色。调研结果显示，58.5%的受访居民、76.5%的受访游客赞同或比较赞同“同里古镇建筑风貌具有地域特征”(表1)，进一步通过照片识别(表2)，发现游客和居民都认为拍摄于竹行街的沿河建筑最具地域特征，沿河古民居及明清街香格亭的地域特征识别度也较高，说明游客和居民对同里依水而建的建筑格局，黑、白、灰的淡雅基调色彩，以及砖雕门楼、脊角高翘、走马楼、明瓦窗等统一有序的建筑要素具有较高的识别度。

2)街巷空间地域特征感知。

同里维系着原有的街巷空间特色，保持了婉约延绵的水巷和亲切宜人的街廓，主街-次街-小巷-备弄的多层级步行网络体系具有强烈的方向感和序列感[6]。问卷调研结果显示，59.5%的受访居民、75.7%的受访游客赞同或比较赞同“同里的街巷空间具有特色”(表3)。通过访谈发现，居民感知度不高的原因主要是由于旅游业发展后，主路如明清街、中川路等成为为游客服务的商业性街道，虽然在结构、材料、色彩、形式与比例等方面沿用了传统地域特征，但沿街建筑基本改成商业店铺，街道的特征发生了明显变化。主要景点附近的沿河街道也基本变成了游览空间，如严家廊下至富观街的三桥景区，游客到达率较高，而本村居民较少到达。进一步通过照片识别(表4)，游客和居民都认为同里的备弄是最具有地域特征的，尤其是当地居民，认可率达到73.3%。其原因一方面是由于其具有良好的景观环境特征，小巷和备弄与纵横交错的水系相联结，蜿蜒曲折，又窄又高，巷中气温低、空气流通快，形成了天然的风道[7]，具有舒适宜人的小气候环境；另一方面是由于备弄连接各户居民出入口，但游客却较少到达，相对隐私、安静，所以小巷和备弄成为当地居民休憩、交往活动的偏好空间。值得注意的是，虽然游客也对同里的小巷备弄有较高的认可度，但运用手机App“两步路”对50位游客游览路径的跟踪却表明，到达古镇特色小巷的游客不到15%，甚至连接主要景点的穿心弄、仓场弄、石皮弄，游客到达率都很低，说明同里特色街巷空间对游客具有较强的吸引力和神秘感。

3)景观要素地域特征感知。

同里古镇纵横相连、阡陌交错的河道水浜和千姿百态、大小不一的石桥河埠构筑了典型江南水乡古镇格局，正所谓水是同里的神韵，依水成街、环水设市、傍水成园；桥是同里的精华，将河、街、巷、岛、宅、园、店相联结[8]。调研结果显示，67.9%的受访居民、76.4%的受访游客赞同或比较赞同“同里的景观风貌具有特色”(表5)，进一步通过照片识别(表6)，拍摄于三桥之长庆桥和南门处泰来桥是居民和游客认为最具地域特征的景观。尤其对于居民来说，同里的桥和水已经成为其居住环境的代名词，具有强烈的认同感和自豪感；相比之下，居民认为布满游船的码头是最不具有地域特征的。而游客的感知度差异不明显，进一步访谈发现，游客普遍表示虽然感受到了同里小桥流水的特色，但对于其景观的缘起、内涵及意境，并没有深入了解，感觉和其他古镇差异不大。所以在旅游发展中，特别需要通过游线设计和解说系统，加强对古镇景观价值的展现、解说和利用。

2.2 居民和游客对非物质景观地域特征的感知度分析

1)乡土民情地域特征感知。

问卷调研结果显示，56.6%的受访居民、41.8%的受访游客赞同或比较赞同“同里古镇的乡土民情具有地域特色”(表7)，感知度并不高。尽管同里一直鼓励和吸引原住居民长期定居，充分利用传统民居，维持景区原有的生产生活形态；有研究也表明古镇居民的旅游空间权能感知对其旅游开发态度有显著正向影响[9]。但本次调研发现，旅游业的迅速发展已经对当地居民的生产生活方式产生了重要影响，沿街民居大多改成了饭店、民宿，有一些店铺租给了外地商户，店铺的性质功能也发生了明显变化，相比较2012年[10]，退思园周边主要面向游客的店铺由38%增加到67%，竹行埭由49%增加到95%。而从空间使用上来看，当地居民长期以来喜欢在户外空间从事家务活动和进行休闲交往活动，如洗菜、做饭、洗衣、晾晒衣物、乘凉聊天，并形成了约定俗成的具有领域性的日常生活空间，但目前在游客人流密度较大的地区，居民的户外家务活动明显减少[11]，特别是许多沿河的公共水埠码头已成为游客观景、休憩和留影的场所，邻近居民的空间使用率比较低。进一步通过照片识别(表8)，老人剪鸡头米的场景和居民在河边洗衣的场景被认为是最具地域特征的人文景观，说明游客和居民都非常希望能够保留和体验到古镇本来的生活和恬淡清幽的气息。

2)历史文化地域特征感知。

调研结果显示，59.5%的受访居民、62.8%的受访游客赞同或比较赞同“同里古镇的历史文化具有地域特色”(表9)。通过照片识别(表10)，居民和游客都对“走三桥”这一同里传统习俗感知度较高，尤其当地居民熟稔于心，而游客的感知度略低于当地游客，主要原因是游客大部分是听导游介绍过，但没有亲自看到走三桥的场景；而锡剧、闸水龙、神仙会等传统文化习俗，无论是居民还是游客，感知度都比较低，主要是由于这些传统文化活动已经很少举办。值得注意的是，游客对烧地香放水灯的感知度较高，访谈得知游客认为这个活动具有江南水乡特色。通过轨迹跟踪发现，有96.7%的游客到达古戏台并停留，说明游客有很强的愿望和兴趣了解地方文化，但是目前戏台仅在周末举行锡剧演出且场次较少，民俗文化活动空间体验有限、产品互动性不足，影响了游客对同里历史文化认识和体验的需求。

3)同里美食的地域特征感知。

表1 建筑风貌地域特征感知度统计表Tab. 1 Statistics on perception of regional characteristics of architectural style

表2 建筑风貌的地域特征识别Tab. 2 The regional characteristics recognition of the architectural style

表3 街巷空间地域特征感知度统计表Tab. 3 Statistics on perception of regional characteristics of street space

表4 街巷空间的地域特征识别Tab. 4 The regional characteristics recognition of the street space

表5 景观要素地域特征感知度统计表Tab. 5 Statistics on perception of regional characteristics of landscape elements

表6 景观要素的地域特征识别Tab. 6 The regional characteristics recognition of the landscape elements

表7 乡土民情地域特征感知度统计表Tab. 7 Statistics on perception of regional characteristics of local customs

问卷调研结果显示，69.5%的受访居民、60.6%的受访游客赞同或比较赞同“同里美食具有地域特色”(表11)，说明游客对乡土美食文化认可度较高，这与同里的街巷氛围和商业业态直接相关。一方面，街巷建筑底层的商店是敞开式的，窄面阔、大进深、前店后房或下店上房的商业铺面，营造了传统街市的市井氛围[12]。另一方面，从业态分布来看，店铺以当地美食居多，课题调研了明清街、中川北路、富观街、尤家弄、竹行埭等商业街，共有商铺221家，其中当地小吃和饭店有92家，游客可以非常方便地品尝到当地传统美食。通过照片识别发现(表12)，袜底酥是当地居民认为最能代表地域特色的美食，但游客的感知度仅为34%；同时游客对各种饮食的地域性感知度比较均衡，有13.0%的游客认为都没有特色，主要是由于没有发挥传统美食的优势，却在靠退思园的名气生造“退思饼”或是模仿其他古镇的特产(姜糖、状元蹄等)。

表8 乡土民情的地域特征识别Tab. 8 The regional characteristics recognition of the local customs

表9 历史文化地域特征感知度统计表Tab. 9 Statistics on perception of regional characteristics of traditional culture

3 结论和对策

3.1 研究结论

首先，游客对建筑、街巷、景观等物质性景观地域特征的感知度都高于当地居民，说明江南古镇地域文化景观对游客具有较强的吸引力；而当地居民对生活环境的地域性感知却在发生变化。长久以来，同里古镇在当地居民与自然环境的长期磨合中，形成了地方性的空间品质、生活模式和文化景观，并且又通过这种固化的空间形态潜移默化地影响和规范着居民的日常行为和生活习惯[11]。但旅游业的发展使同里由一个生活性城镇变成了以观光休闲为主的旅游景区，由居民日常的生活场所转变成了游客寻找差异性体验的目标和消费对象。虽然同里的建筑、街巷、景观等物质符号保存了原貌，但旅游业在一定程度上改变了当地居民的生活方式，改变了古镇空间的使用频率和功能，当地居民也感受到了这种由内而外的、古镇风貌气质的变化。如何在居民日常生活与游客观光活动双向交织的空间中，保护古镇景观的原真性？

其次，游客对乡土民情和风俗习惯、地方美食等非物质性景观地域特征的感知度低于当地居民，说明游客对同里地域文化的价值还没有得到很好的理解。由于目前的旅游模式仍以观光游为主，缺少互动性和参与性的项目，游客很难对古镇景观的特征和内在文化形成深刻印象。而这种数量增长的观光游，只会给古镇保护带来更大的压力。如何以旅游发展为平台，保护和传承地域文化的原真性，使古镇的文化价值能够为更多的人所认识、理解和传播？

最后，居民对历史文化的感知度低于游客，游客通过短期的旅游可以对同里的地域文化产生新鲜感和兴趣，但当地居民由于传统历史文化活动的逐渐消失，对同里古镇历史文化发展的认同感发生了变化，而缺少文化内涵的古镇也将变得僵化和同质化。在旅游发展带来生活富裕的同时，当地居民的文化失落感应得到重视，如何在旅游的发展中使当地百姓安于乡土、获得文化自觉和文化自信，使古镇获得生机和活力？

3.2 对策建议

1)旅游发展下的古镇物质景观地域特征保护。

传统空间环境的保护是传统文化意义得以延续的必要条件[13]，加强对江南古镇景观格局和民居、街巷、小桥、商铺等典型物质景观要素进行保护和重点引导，通过保护整体空间肌理、留存历史脉络节点、利用乡土景观材料等，营造地域特征协调统一的古镇景观物质情境，保护其自然性、真实性、地域性、完整性、体验性和可持续性[14]。

表10 历史文化的地域特征识别Tab.10 The regional characteristics recognition of the traditional culture

表11 同里美食地域特征感知度统计表Tab. 11 Statistics on perception of regional characteristics of special cuisine

表12 同里美食的地域特征识别Tab. 12 The regional characteristics recognition of the special cuisine

2)适当控制游客数量，提高古镇空间游览质量。

变“快进快出”的古镇观光游为深度体验游，给游客以充分欣赏、体验古镇风貌的景观感知情境。通过加强解说系统、优化旅游线路设计、复活老字号作坊店铺、创造互动性景观场所等具体策略，全面展现古镇的地域文化特征，如古镇的亲水性、宜居性以及传统商业文化等，既能够很好地延续传统，又能够激发空间的活力。除了解说历史典故、人物故事，更要深入浅出地介绍建筑景观、河网水系、小桥景观的特征，使游客能够对古镇景观环境的地域性形成一个完整的印象感知。

3)发挥古镇居民在旅游发展中的积极作用。

通过政策鼓励等手段吸引原住民在家乡就业居住，在旅游发展中为当地人提供更多的就业机会，激发原住民对家乡的建设热情。有最了解同里的人在同里生活、为同里工作，能为同里提出最有效的发展支持，给古镇新生的机会；这样不仅保护了古镇文化的根，而且能够避免同质化发展，挖掘具有地域价值的特色旅游产品，发挥古镇旅游在地域景观“整体保护、活态传承”及传统文化“创造型转化、创新型发展”等方面的积极作用。

旅游是文化性很强的经济活动，古镇是历史文化的遗存，旅游和古镇这种文化上的天然联系，决定了两者必须有效地结合[15]。旅游发展带来江南古镇社会结构的变化，古镇景观主体由居民变为居民与游客共生，在这种现实背景下，保护古镇地域特征的关键是找到居民和游客的“共同价值”“共赢机制”和“共享模式”，进行互动性的规划设计和精细化的运营管理，这不仅是古镇保护工作的需要，而且对于中华民族传统地域文化的传承具有重要意义。

A Study on the Regional Characteristics Perception of Ancient Towns Landscapes in the South of the Yangtze River Based on Different Perspectives of Tourists and Residents: A Case Study of Tongli Ancient Town

ZHANG Lin, YANG Ke, LIU Binyi*, LIU Suyan

The Ancient Town in the South of the Yangtze River is a typical representative of the regional landscape with a long history and rich culture. It is not only a precious historical and cultural heritage, but also an important cultural tourism resource. The rapid development of tourism over the past 20 years shows that its regional cultural landscape has a lasting appeal to tourists. However, are the geographical features of the ancient town landscape fully understood, felt and experienced by tourists? What is the degree of the local residents' awareness of the value of this regional landscape? This paper takes Tongli,an ancient Town with better landscape protection and more mature tourism development, as an example, and the landscape behavioral feeling as the medium, carries on the investigation and analysis of the regional characteristics perception of the local residents and tourists respectively,extracts the regional landscape elements that have a significant impact on the perception of tourists and clarifies the reasons for the differences between the perceptions of residents and tourists. It puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to give full play to the positive role of ancient towns in protecting regional landscapes,continuing historical contexts, and maintaining cultural diversity.

1 Research Methods and Data Acquisition

1.1 Site overview

Tongli Ancient Town is located in Wujiang,Suzhou, and was built in Song Dynasty. Tongli not only protects and preserves the complete pattern of ancient towns and water landscape,but also encourages the original residents to retain the ancient towns to show and inherit the unique cultural customs of the localities. Tongli becomes the representative of the ancient towns in the south of the Yangtze River. This paper conducted two field surveys in May and October,2018, using questionnaires, photo identification,in-depth interviews, path tracking and so on, to obtain data of residents' and tourists' perception of the regional characteristics.

1.2 Investigation designing

The survey is composed of questionnaire and PEI photo guide. The questionnaire includes the basic information and perception scale of the interviewees, and through the three factors of "architectural style", "street space" and"landscape elements", residents and tourists are evaluated on the perception of the regional characteristics of physical landscapes; through the three factors of "local customs", "traditional culture" and "special cuisine", the evaluation of the perception of regional characteristics of intangible landscapes is carried out. The evaluation is conducted by using the Likert fivelevel scales, which are measured from "strongly agree" to "strongly disagree" on a scale of 5 to 1.

After completing the questionnaire survey,we refer to the method of the PEI photoguided interview, and ask the interviewees to identify the photos of the Tongli area. Our team photographed six sets of scenes. The interviewees are asked to choose photos that can represent the landscape characteristics of Tongli, within 2 photos per group.

1.3 Data acquisition

During the investigation, 173 tourist questionnaires and 107 resident questionnaires were distributed. Questionnaire with more missing values was considered invalid, so we took back 170 valid tourist questionnaires and 106 resident questionnaires.

2 Analysis and Discovery of Investigation

2.1 Analysis of residents' and tourists'perception of the regional characteristics of physical landscape

1) Perception of regional characteristics of architectural style.

The survey results show that 58.5% of the residents surveyed and 76.5% of the tourists surveyed strongly agree or agree that"the architectural style of Tongli Ancient Town has regional characteristics". Through further photo identification, it is found that tourists and residents have a high degree of recognition of the architectural pattern built in accordance with the water, the black, white, gray and elegant tone colors, as well as brick gatehouse, high ridge angle, Zouma Building, Mingwa window and other unified and ordered architectural elements in Tongli.

2) Perception of regional characteristics of street space.

The survey results show that 59.5% of the residents surveyed and 75.7% of the tourists surveyed strongly agree or agree that "the street space of Tongli Ancient Town has regional characteristics". Through interviews, it is found that the low perception of residents is mainly due to the development of tourism, which caused that the main roads became commercial streets serving tourists. The following photo recognition shows that both tourists and residents consider Beilong Corridor as the most regional characterized, especially among local residents.One reason is that the lane has a comfortable and pleasant micro-climate environment; the other reason is that Beilong is relatively private and quiet, and it has become a preferred space for local residents to rest and interact.

3) Perception of regional characteristics of landscape elements.

The survey results show that 67.9% of the residents surveyed and 76.4% of the tourists surveyed strongly agree or agree that "the landscape elements of Tongli Ancient Town have regional characteristics". Further through photo identification, Changqing Bridge and Tailai Bridge are the landscapes that residents and tourists consider as the most regional features.Especially for the residents, the bridge and water in Tongli have become synonymous with their living environment, with a strong sense of identity and pride; Tourists felt that Tongli was not much different from other ancient towns.

2.2 Analysis of residents' and tourists'perception of the regional characteristics of intangible landscape

1) Perception of regional characteristics of local customs.

The survey results show that 56.6% of the residents surveyed and 41.8% of the tourists surveyed strongly agree or agree that "the local customs of Tongli Ancient Town have regional characteristics". This survey found that the rapid development of tourism has had a significant impact on the production and lifestyle of local residents. From the perspective of space use,local residents have long liked to engage in domestic and leisure activities in outdoor space,but now there is a marked decrease in outdoor household activities in areas with a high density of tourist. Further through photo recognition, the scene of the elders cutting the Chicken Head Rice and the residents washing clothes by the river are considered to be the most regionally characteristic human landscapes, indicating that tourists and residents are both eager to retain and experience the original life and tranquil atmosphere of the ancient town.

2) Perception of regional characteristics of traditional culture.

The survey results show that 59.5% of the residents surveyed and 62.8% of the tourists surveyed strongly agree or agree that"the traditional culture of Tongli Ancient Town have regional characteristics". Through photo recognition, residents and tourists are highly aware of the tradition of "Three Bridges", while the perception of tourists is slightly lower than the local residents. This is mainly due to the fact that most of the tourists have not personally seen. As for traditional cultural customs both residents and tourists have relatively low perceptions, mainly because these activities have been rarely held. Through track tracing, it was found that tourists have a strong interest to understand the local culture.

3) Perception of regional characteristics of special cuisine.

The survey results show that 69.5% of the residents surveyed and 60.6% of the tourists surveyed strongly agree or agree that "the special cuisine of Tongli Ancient Town have regional characteristics", which is directly related to Tongli's street atmosphere and business style. The shops on the ground floor and the pattern of the store creates the atmosphere of the traditional market. According to photo recognition, Wadi Pastry is considered by local residents as the most regional cuisine, but the perception of that among tourists is only 34%. This is mainly because the advantages of traditional cuisines are not fully played.

3 Conclusions and Countermeasures

3.1 Research conclusion

First of all, tourists' perception of regional characteristics of physical landscape is higher than that of local residents, indicating that the regional cultural landscape of ancient towns has strong appeal to tourists, while local residents'regional perception is changing. So how to protect the originality of the ancient town landscape in the space where residents' daily life and tourists' sightseeing activities are intertwined?

Secondly, tourists are less aware of the local characteristics of intangible landscape, indicating that tourists have not yet fully understood the regional cultural values of Tongli. How to take the tourism development as the platform to protect and inherit the original nature of the regional culture so that the cultural value of the ancient town can be recognized, understood and disseminated by more people?

Thirdly, the residents' perception of history and culture is lower than that of tourists. Tourists can have a fresh sense of interest in the local culture of Tongji. However, due to the gradual disappearance of traditional activities, the local residents' identity with the development of Tongli's historical culture has changed. The sense of cultural loss among local residents should be taken seriously. How to make the local people settle down and satisfied with their native land, gain cultural consciousness and cultural self-confidence?

3.2 Countermeasures and recommendations

1) Protecting regional characteristics of physical landscape in ancient towns under the tourism development.

Strengthen protection and focus on guiding the landscape pattern of ancient towns in the South of the Yangtze River and the typical physical landscape elements. By protecting the whole space texture, retaining the historical node and using the local landscape material,we can create the landscape material situation of ancient towns which have coordinated and unified regional characteristics, and protect its naturalness, authenticity, regionality, integrality,embodiment and sustainability.

2) Controlling the number of tourists properly and improving the quality of space tourism in ancient towns.

By strengthening the explanation system,optimizing the tourist routes designing, reviving the old workshops and shops, creating interactive landscapes and other specific strategies, the regional cultural characteristics of ancient town, such as the hydrophilicity,livability and traditional business culture are fully displayed, so that visitors can form a complete impression of the regionality of the landscape environment of ancient town.

3) Giving full play to the positive role of ancient town residents in tourism development.

Through policy encouragement and other means to attract original residents to work and live in their hometowns, which not only protects the roots of the ancient town culture, but also avoids the development of homogeneity.We should excavate characteristic tourism products with regional value, give full play to the positive role of ancient town tourism in "overall protection, active heritage" and traditional culture in "creative transformation, innovative development" and so on in regional landscape.

The development of tourism brings about the change of social structure in the ancient towns in the south of the Yangtze River, the main landscape of ancient towns changes from residents to symbiosis between residents and tourists. The key to protecting the regional characteristics of ancient towns is to find the"common value", "win-win mechanism" and"sharing model" of residents and tourists, and carry out interactive planning and design and refined operation management.

(Editor / MA Lin)

Biography:

ZHANG Lin, born in 1979 in Shenyang,Liaoning Province, Associate Professor of School of Architecture and Urban Planning at Tongji University, Master's tutor, research area:landscape architecture and tourism planning(Shanghai 200092)

YANG Ke, born in 1996 in Dali, Yunnan Province, post-graduate of School of Architecture and Urban Planning at Tongji University, research area: landscape architecture and tourism planning (Shanghai 200092)

LIU Binyi, born in 1957 in Faku, Liaoning Province, Professor of School of Architecture and Urban Planning at Tongji University, doctoral tutor, Deputy Chief Editor ofChinese Landscape Architecture(Shanghai 200092)

LIU Suyan, born in 1994 in Fuzhou,Fujian Province, post-graduate of School of Architecture and Urban Planning at Tongji University, research area: landscape architecture and tourism planning (Shanghai 200092)