普曼克社区中心，普曼克，智利

建筑设计：稀缺与创意工作室

1 外景/Exterior views

作为大型乡村庄园所在地的普曼克拥有丰富的殖民地遗产，成立于17世纪，被2010年2月27日凌晨03∶34的地震严重破坏。地震摧毁了大部分房屋及其外部走廊，还有圣母玫瑰教堂和市政府大楼。2013年，稀缺与创意工作室受邀协助重建该镇。该镇位于智利中部，圣地亚哥西南150km处，拥有3500名居民。

地震发生后不久，一个叫做Chile a Soñar（智利，让我们梦想！）的非营利组织搬到普曼克，其成员是大学生和毕业生。他们希望通过社会工作，教育和社区组织帮助这个被蹂躏的城镇。因为该组织的工作是在假期期间开始的，因此当时他们被允许使用学校进行活动。然而，一旦假期结束学校恢复正常使用后，那些经过培训的人就失去了可以练习新学技能的场所。因此，该组织需要一个可以全年开放的多功能社区中心。

在2013年下半年和2014年上半年，稀缺与创意工作室设计并建立了一个社区设施，以满足普曼克居民和Chile a Soñar组织的需求。

2014年初，普曼克市政府捐赠了一个场地用作社区中心。该场地毗邻一所废弃的女子寄宿学校，这里很快将转变为经济发展中心。在施工期间，前女子学校被用来容纳稀缺与创意工作室的建筑团队。

该项目包括两个多功能厅，它们都需要从一个可以进行各种社区活动的公共露台进入。建筑物外墙被一层木质屏风墙所包裹，它缓和了强烈的阳光并提供了空气对流。首层之上是屋顶露台，在这里可以眺望远处的风景。这个空间被设想成一个可以让孩子一边在屋顶玩耍，而他们的父母可以同时在楼下进行活动的场所。为了鼓励屋顶露台上的活动，专门设置了两个楼梯通往露台，还有一个滑梯通向地面。（齐轶昳 译）

2 外景/Exterior views

Founded in the 17th century as the seat of a large country estate Pumanque had a rich colonial heritage until it was heavily damaged by the earthquake of 03:34 am on February 27, 2010,which destroyed most of the houses and their external corridors that lined the town's streets. The quake did not make exceptions, also destroying the church of Our Lady of the Rosary and the Municipality buildings. In 2013 The Scarcity and Creativity Studio was invited to help in the task of re-building the town, which is located in central Chile, 150 kilometres south-west of Santiago and has 3500 inhabitants.

Shortly after the earthquake a not-for-profit organisation, whose members are university students and graduates, called Chile a Soñar (Chile,let's dream!) moved into Pumanque with the purpose of helping the ravaged town through social work, education, and community organisation.As the work of Chile a Soñar took place during holidays they were allowed to use the school for their activities. However, once the holidays were over the school reverted to normal use, leaving those that had been trained with no place to practice their newly acquired skills. What Chile a Soñar needed was a multi-purpose community hall which remained open during the whole year.

During the latter half of 2013 and the first half of 2014 The Scarcity and Creativity Studio designed and build a community facility to satisfy the needs of both the people of Pumanque and those of Chile a Soñar.

At the beginning of 2014 the Municipality of Pumanque donated a site for the location of the community centre adjacent to a disused girls boarding school, soon to be converted into an economic development centre. During construction, the previous girl's school was used to accommodate the Scarcity and Creativity Studio's construction team.

3 总平面/Site plan

4 平面/Plan

5 随时间变化的阴影/Shadows over time

6 随时间变化的阴影/Shadows over time

The project consists of two multi-purposeful rooms accessed from a common entrance terrace in which diverse community activities can take place.The building is wrapped in a timber screen-wall which mitigates the strong sun and allows for cross ventilation. Over the ground floor is a roof terrace shaded by an auxiliary membrane canopy. The terrace is an outdoor room with views of the distant landscape. It is conceived as a space where children can play while their parents are engaged in activities below. To encourage play two stairs up to the terrace and a slide down to the ground are provided.

项目信息/Credits and Data

教职人员/Teaching Staff: Christian Hermansen Cordua,Michael U. Hensel, Solveig Sandness, Joakim Hoen, Haakon Matre Aaserød

学生/Students: Harold Vermeiren, Christiana Thorsen Clarke, Margarita Chaskopoulou, Marte Guldvik, Marina Haga, Jonas Osthagen Hamar, Anniken Høgset, Shohreh Kheirati, Kaja Gladhus Kolstad, Kamilla Merete Kristiansen,Gro Krüger, Caroline Krenc, Taavi Löoke, Ranveig Hesselberg Meland, Annette Katherine Mohr, Eskil Frøyen Nybø, Liv Mari Oppebøen, Brianne Parquier, Elissavet Pertigkiozoglou, Randi Ravndal, Erik Reiten, Kinga Rusin,Truls Schiefloe Sandbakk, Hedvig Margrethe Sanderud,Øistein Magnus Schive, Eirik Stiansen, Gustav Mattias Jitzhak Tellqvist, Magnus Vågan

赞助商/Sponsors: AAAD, Astrup & Hellern Architects,Halvorsen & Reine Architects, IARK, Marwin, NORDIC Office of Architecture, ØKAW, Norwegian Steel Assocication,Ratio Architects, Vink AS

绘图/Drawings: The Scarcity and Creativity Studio

摄影/Photos: The Scarcity and Creativity Studio

7 外景/Exterior views

8 外景/Exterior views

评论

肖毅强：这是一个具有清晰而精明解决方案的设计。建筑的布局与场地原有的树木互动，自然地引导出可以穿越建筑两侧的几个出入口。建筑的周边环境和屋顶空间被升起的拉膜结构“帐篷”所激活，营造出可以聚集或漫步的活动可能。采用单跨木结构的建筑，其标准模数控制下的结构单元、维护构造及门窗开口等体现了产业化意识下的设计水平。建筑的立面和屋面均附加了木格栅表皮，形成了遮阳和与维护结构的空气层，积极地回应了当地强烈阳光的气候条件。拉膜结构的“帐篷”无疑是具有文化意味的处理，不仅提示了上部屋面空间的存在，还强化了社区中心的标志性场所的定位。简单有效的结构、材料、技术实现了具有社区文化意义的场所塑造。

宋晔皓：普曼克社区中心建筑具有一种临时性建筑特有的气质，不论是斑驳的兼具遮阳和通风功能的木墙，还是屋顶平台上面自由飘逸的张拉膜，甚至很多建筑细部的处理手法，例如木质楼梯的做法，或者张拉膜节点的做法。而这种随意率性的气质，实际上与建筑的使用需求非常吻合，就像个社区舞台，人们可以随意出入或者爬上爬下，不论在地面屋顶，也无论成人还是儿童，都像是风景本身风景的人：人既是风景的欣赏者，也是风景的组成部分。这种自由流动性的便利，以及因此的人们的快乐，的确应该属于社区舞台样的临筑，普曼克社区中心完美地做到了这一点，成区不可分割的部分，可以想象这个建筑比很多去永久的建筑会更加受到社区人们的欢迎。

9 遮阳膜的计算/Membrane calculations

10 剖面/Section

Comments

XIAO Yiqiang:This is a design solution with clarity and smartness. The architecture layout interacts with the existing trees on the site, and naturally stretched out a few entries on both sides of the building. The surrounding environment and roof space of the building are activated by the membrane canopy,creating a possibility for gathering and walking around.As a building with single span timber structure, the structural unit, envelope and openings, as a result of standard module design, reflect a design level under the consciousness of industrialisation. The timber screen wall and timber grid roof built a mitigating layer for sun-shading and enclosure structure,positively responding to the strong sunny climate. The membrane canopy is obviously a design with cultural implication, which not only suggests the existence of the rooftop space, but also landmarked the location of community centre. Simple and effective treatment of structure, material and technology made it a place that is significant in community culture. (Translated by WANG Xinxin)

SONG Yehao:The Pumanque Community Centre has a unique character which only belongs to temporary buildings.Whether it is the mottled screen-wall with both shading and ventilation function, or the free-flowing tensioned membrane on the roof terrace, and even some details such as the wooden stairs and the tensioned membrane nodes,they all reflect the specific ethos of the building. This kind of character is actually in line with the needs of the building. It is like a stage of the community where people can go in and out or climb up and down. For adults and children, whether on the ground or on the roof, they are themselves both part of the fascinating scene and who enjoy the scenery - people are both viewers of the landscape and an integral part of the landscape. Only temporary buildings which serves as the community stage could provide both the convenience of the free mobility and the happiness that it brings to people. The Pumanque Community Centre has done this perfectly and has become an inseparable part of the community. Thus,we can imagine that this building is more popular with people in the community than those permanent buildings.(Translated by QI Yiyi)