Module 5?Ethnic Culture

run   v.

hatch   v.

farm   v.

fish   v.

fasten   v.

fold   v.

adjust   v.

minority   n.

belt   n.

custom   n.

apron   n.

pineapple   n.

crop   n.

opera   n.

hammer   n.

tyre   n.

jungle   n. soul   n.

ox   n.

spear   n.

garment   n.

sleeve   n.

necklace   n.

jewellery   n.

arch   n.

framework   n.

fibre   n.

corn   n.

spade   n.

tool   n.

chick   n.

rooster   n.

mat   n.

teapot   n. waist   n.

nephew   n.

garage   n.

rainbow   n.

ethnic   adj.

diverse   adj.

native   adj.

varied   adj.

foolish   adj.

lame   adj.

firm   adj.

rigid   adj.

loose   adj.

bare   adj.

awkward   adj.

apparently   adv.

常用短语

in use

in the distance have a population of

set off

动词过去分词作状语。

词汇短语园地

1. minority   n.   少数民族，少数群体;少数，少数派，

少数人

The school is 95 percent minority.

这所学校里95%的学生来自少数族裔。

For a minority， the decision was a disappointment.

这个决定令少数人失望。

辨析：比较minority和majority

两者互为反义词，minority意思是“少数人;少数民族”，而majority意思是“大多数，大部分”。

On the last point， he realized， he was a minority of one.

在上一点上，他意识到自己是孤掌难鸣的少数派。

The majority of people interviewed prefer computer to TV.

大多数接受采访的人都喜欢玩电脑而不喜欢看电视。

2. native   adj.   出生地的，儿时居住地的;土生土长的，

本地的，当地的

n.   出生于某国（或某地）的人;本地人，当地人

It is a long time since he visited his native Poland.

他很久没回过他的家乡波兰了。

These fish are native to North  America.

这些鱼原产于北美。

After all， Carlo is a native of Nevada， and he knows his way around.

毕竟卡罗是土生土长的内华达州人。他对那一带很熟悉。

You can always tell the difference between the tourists and the natives.

游客与当地人之间的区别一望即知。

3. run   v.   控制，管理，经营;跑，奔跑;（使）运转，

運行;操作

Stop trying to run my life for me.

别老想操纵我的生活。

He has no idea how to run a business.

他丝毫不懂企业管理。

Our van runs on diesel.

我们的货车用的是柴油。

Could you run the engine for a moment？

你来操作一会儿发动机好吗？

（1） run across sb/sth   偶然遇见/看到（某人/某物）

（2） run after   追求;追逐，追赶

（3） run away （from sb/sth）   突然离开，逃离

（4） run out   用完，耗尽;过期，失效

4. custom   n.   风俗，习惯，传统，习俗;个人习惯，

习性，惯常行为

It is the custom in that country for women to marry young.

女子早婚是那个国家的风俗。

As was his custom， he knocked three times.

他敲了三下，这是他的习惯。

辨析：比较custom，habit和tradition

三者都有“习惯”的意思，其中custom指一个国家、民族、社会的行为方式或风俗习惯;habit则侧重于自然养成的、不易改掉的个人习惯;而tradition侧重世代相传的理论、行为规范和生活方式。

Social customs are greatly different from country to country.

国与国之间的社会风俗大不相同。

You need to change your eating habits.

你得改变你的饮食习惯。

They broke with tradition and got married quietly.

他们打破传统，毫不声张地结了婚。

customer   n.   顾客，主顾，客户

customs   n.（政府部门）海关;关税，进口税

5. foolish   adj.   愚蠢的，傻的;出丑;显得尴尬

You ought to be ashamed of your foolish behaviour.

你应当为自己的愚蠢行为而感到羞耻。

Hes afraid of looking foolish in front of his friends.

他怕在朋友前面出丑。

fool   n.   蠢人，傻瓜

v.   欺骗，娱乐;说蠢话，干傻事

foolishly   adv.   愚蠢地，傻地

foolishness   n.   愚蠢

6. firm   adj.   牢固的，稳固的;坚固的，坚硬的，结实的;

坚定的，确定的，坚决的;严格的

adv.   坚信，坚持

v.       使强壮，使坚固，使坚实

n.       商行，商号，公司

Stand the fish tank on a firm base.

把鱼缸放在牢固的基座上。

These peaches are still firm.

这些桃子还很硬。

We have no firm evidence to support the case.

我们没有确凿的证据支持这个案件。

She held firm to her principles.

她坚持自己的原则。

This product claims to firm your body in six weeks.

这个产品据称能在六周内使你身体强壮。

She works for an electronics firm.

她在一家电子公司工作。

7. fasten   v.（使两部分）系牢，缚紧，扎牢，结牢，扣紧;

（使）关紧，盖好

（1） fasten （sth） （up）   把……系牢/扣紧

Fasten your seat belts， please.

请系好安全带。

He fastened up his coat and hurried out.

他扣好大衣就匆匆出去了。

（2） fasten A to B   把A和B系在一起

There were no instructions on how to fasten the carrying strap to the box.

没有如何把背带系在箱子上的说明。

（1） fasten ones attention on sth   集中注意力于某事上

（2） fasten ones eyes on sb/sth   注視着（盯着）某人/某物

8. fold   v.   折叠，对折（纸、织物等）;折小，叠平;包，裹

n.   褶，褶层，折叠部分;褶痕;褶缝

搭配：

fold sth up （back/down/over...）   把……折叠/对折起来

He folded the map up and put it in his pocket.

他把地图折叠起来，然后放进了口袋。

The blankets had been folded down.

毛毯已折叠起来。

（1） fold sb in ones arms   拥抱/搂住某人

（2） fold ones arms   双臂交叉在胸前

（3） fold ones hands   十指交叉;雙手合拢

9. adjust   v.   适应，使适应，习惯;调整，调节

搭配：

（1） adjust to sth/doing sth   适应某事/做某事

It took her a while to adjust to living alone after the divorce.

她离婚以后，过了一段时间才适应了单身生活。

（2） adjust oneself to sth   使自己适应某事

Youll quickly adjust yourself to student life.

你将很快适应学生生活。

（3） adjust sth （to sth）   调整;调节

Adjust your language to the age of your audience.

要根据听众的年龄使用相应的语言。

adjustment   n.   调整，调节;（思想等）调整，适应

adjustable   adj.   可调整的，可调节的

10. in use   在使用

From 1900， electric discharge lamps were in use in Europe and the USA.

从1900年以来，欧洲和美国都在使用放电灯。

The conference room is already in use.

会议室已在使用中。

use   n.   用，使用，得到利用;用途，功能，用法

（1） be of use   有用的

（2） make use of sth   利用某物

（3） put sth to use   把……投入使用

（4） be no use doing sth   做……没有用

（5） out of use   不再被使用

use   v.   使用，利用，运用

（1） be/get used to sth/doing sth   习惯了某事/做某事

（2） be used to do sth   被用来做某事

（3） used to be   过去的样子或状态

（4） used to do sth   过去常常做某事

11. in the distance   在远处

The noise of the car died away in the distance.

汽车的声音消失在远方。

Sadly they saw the shores of England disappear in the distance.

他们黯然地看着英国的海岸在远处消失。

（1） at a distance   稍远一点;离一段距离

（2） at a distance of   以……距离

12. set off   出发，动身，启程

set off = set out，都意为“出发，动身，启程”。

We set off for London just after ten.

刚过十点，我们就动身去伦敦了。

He bade his wife farewell and set out on his journey.

他辞别了妻子便启程了。

（1） set about sth/doing sth   开始做/着手做某事

（2） set aside   留出，拨出;不顾，不理会

（3） set down   记下，写下，登记

（4） set up   竖立，建造;建立，创立

Grandpa Will Pay the Bill

Walking up to a department stores fabric counter， the pretty girl said， “I would like to buy this material for a new dress. How much does it cost？”

“Only one kiss per yard，” replied the male clerk with a smirk.

“Thats fine，” said the girl. “Ill take ten yards.”

With expectation and anticipation written all over his face， the clerk quickly measured out the cloth， wrapped it up， and then teasingly held it out.

The girl snapped up the packag

跟蹤导练（一）

阅读理解

A

People travel for a lot of reasons. Some tourists go to see battlefields or religious shrines （宗教圣地）. Others are looking for culture， or simply want to have their pictures taken in front of famous places. But most European tourists are looking for a sunny beach to lie on.

Northern Europeans are willing to pay a lot of money and put up with a lot of inconveniences for the sun because they have so little of it. People in cities like London， Copenhagen， and Amsterdam spend a lot of their winter in the dark because the days are so short， and much of the rest of the year is in the rain. This is the reason why the Mediterranean has always attracted them. Every summer， more than 25 million people travel to Mediterranean resorts and beaches for their vacation. They all come for the same reason： sun！

The huge crowds mean lots of money for the economies of Mediterranean countries. Italys 30，000 hotels are full every summer. And 13 million people camp out on French beaches， parks and roadsides. Spains long sandy coastline attracts more people than anywhere else. 37 million tourists visit yearly， or one tourist for every person living in Spain.

But there are signs that the area is getting more tourism than it can handle. The Mediterranean is already one of the most polluted seas on earth. And with increased tourism， its getting worse. The French cant figure out what to do with all the rubbish left by campers around St Tropez. And in many places， swimming is dangerous because of pollution.

None of this， however， is spoiling anyones fun. The Mediterranean gets more popular every year with tourists. Obviously， they dont go there for clean water. They tolerate traffic jams and seem to like crowded beaches. They dont even mind the pollution. No matter how dirty the water is， the coastline still looks beautiful. And as long as the sun shines， its still better than sitting in the cold rain in Berlin， London or Oslo.

1. Europeans travel mainly ___ .

A. to escape from the cold and rainy days

B. to take pictures in front of famous sites

C. to see historic remains or religious spots

D. to enjoy different cultural and social customs

2. Why does the author mention the cities in Paragraph 2？

A. To suggest they lack places of interest.

B. To prove that Mediterranean is a good place to visit.

C. To tell us people in Northern Europe enjoy traveling.

D. To show that they are not good cities in terms of climate.

3. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 suggests that ___ .

A. every Spanish is visited by a tourist every year

B. all the 37 million people living in Spain are tourists

C. every person living in Spain has to take care of a tourist

D. every year almost as many tourists visit Spain as the people living there

4. What could ruin the tourists fun at Mediterranean beaches？

A. Traffic jams. B. Rainy weather.

C. Polluted water. D. Crowded people.

B

The mother came out of the exam room to hold me up： she knew I would probably have to talk to her daughter about how she was gaining weight， she said， but please dont use the word “fat” or even “overweight”. Dont make her feel bad about herself.

The girl was about 8， and clearly some balance had shifted over the past year， and her weight was increasing much too fast relative to her height.

But I was as conscious of my own body as I was of hers. “How on earth，” I was thinking， “should I give nutritional advice when all they have to do is to look at me to see that I dont follow it very well myself？ How to be in line with her mothers reasonable request？ And above all， how should I help prevent from the so-called childhood obesity （肥胖） when not a week goes by that I dont break my own resolutions？”

“The advice were supposed to give is ‘Eat less， exercise more，” said Dr Julie C. Lumeng， an assistant professor at the University of Michigan Medical School and an expert in child-hood obesity.

“What does it mean when the doctor clearly can not follow the doctors own advice？” I asked that question of Dr David Ludwig， director of the Optimal Weight for Life Program.

“This is an issue that can cut in every possible direction，” he replied. “The doctor who is herself struggling with her weight will have the advantage of personal experience in the patients viewpoint—which may increase sympathy and provide other insights that a primary-care practitioner without the problem may not have.”

“On the other hand，” he continued， “the patient may view a doctor who is well overweight as lacking the basic understanding of the problem to put those principles into effect in his own life.”

There has been growing concern about childhood obesity in recent years. But meanwhile， the American children have gotten heavier. I have diagnosed Type 2 diabetes （糖尿病） in too many of my patients， and I havent done any major shrinking myself.

5. Why did the mother stop the doctor after her daughter was examined？

A. She knew the doctor.

B. She wanted to get some advice.

C. She was eager to know the result.

D. She had something secret to tell the doctor.

6. What can we learn from the text about the doctor？

A. He was trying to lose weight.

B. He was an expert on childhood obesity.

C. He gave some nutritional advice to the girl.

D. He knew Dr Julie C and Dr David Ludwig well.

7. What do the underlined words in Paragraph 6 probably refer to？

A. Gaining weight.

B. Failing to reduce weight.

C. Being unable to follow the advice of his own.

D. Having no much experience in reducing weight.

8. What can we infer from the last paragraph？

A. The author feels unsuccessful in his job.

B. The American children are getting weaker.

C. Fat doctors are more concerned with childhood obesity.

D. More and more people come to care for childhood obesity.

跟蹤导练（二）

阅读七选五

The Transport Industry in the UK

The transport industry employs around 2.3 million people in the UK across some 196，000 companies. Worth over ￡75 billion to the economy， it ensures that goods， services and people can move as efficiently as possible.

1 Traffic and transport construction jobs are essential to ensure that there are no long-term disruptions （中断） in transport. Without traffic and transport construction jobs， the Transport for London Organization wouldnt be able to maintain its train or tube lines.

2 Opportunities involve construction work and building services to maintain facilities such as airports and train stations. It also involves anything from creating a new bridge or road to developing a new harbor.

Some roles require shift work. 3 Depending on the role， travel may also be required either locally， nationally， or in some cases， internationally.

Traffic and transport construction jobs are also affected by a global economic downturn. However， rising fuel costs have seen a huge increase in the number of people using public transport. 4

Traffic and transport construction jobs were important during the 2012 Games. Billions of pounds were invested into improving the capitals transport facilities. 5 It was a 12 carriage train that linked Kings Cross St. Pancras stations to the heart of London in just seven minutes.

A. This included the “Olympic Javelin”.

B. Many stadiums were built at that time.

C. This can mean working evenings， nights and possibly weekends.

D. The development of the transport industry makes many people unemployed in UK.

E. The industry can be divided into three main areas： surface， sea and air transport.

F. Because of the size of the industry， a number of career opportunities are available.

G. This is because transport construction jobs carry out all the necessary maintenance required to keep public transport safe and running.

1.                2.                3.                4.                5.

完形填空

My kids and I would be spending the Thanksgiving Day without their father. He had1several months before. The two older kids were2with the flu. I had only about $2.5 to3until the end of the month.

Then I heard the phone ring. It was the4from the church. She said they had something to give us. So I dropped by the church on my way to the5 .

The church secretary met me at the door and6me a special envelope. I opened the envelope and found two grocery certificates （雜货购物券） inside. Each was worth $20.

“Thank you very much，” I said， and as we7each other， I cried.

Then I went to a store and bought some8things and had a little over $14 groceries. As I handed the cashier one of the gift certificates， she took it， but turned her back for what seemed like a very9time. I thought something might be wrong.

“This certificate is a real blessing，” I explained. “Our church gave it to my family， knowing Im a10parent trying to make ends meet.”

The cashier turned11and replied， “Honey， do you have a turkey？”

“No.”

“Anything else for Thanksgiving dinner？”

“No. But its okay，” I replied.

Handing me the12 ， she said， “I cant tell you exactly

13now， but please go back into the store and buy a turkey， or anything else you14for Thanksgiving dinner.”

“Are you15 ？” I asked.

“Yes！ Get whatever you want.”

I felt awkward as I went back to do some more shopping， but I chose a fresh turkey， a few potatoes， and some juices for the children. Then I16the shopping cart up to the same cashier.

“Now I can tell you，” she said， with17in her kind eyes. “This morning！ I18to help someone today， and you walked through my line！”

She reached under the counter for her19 ， took out a $20 bill and paid for my groceries.

“Im glad I could20 ，” she said. “Here is my phone number if you ever need anything. God bless you， honey.”

1. A. returned B. left C. arrived D. disappeared

2. A. satisfied B. sad C. sick D. disappointed

3. A. last B. help C. spend D. take

4. A. cashier B. boss C. mother D. secretary

5. A. farm B. market C. bank D. hospital

6. A. made B. bought C. wrote D. handed

7. A. helped B. hugged C. called D. thanked

8. A. delicious B. cheap C. common D. necessary

9. A. long B. quiet C. dull D. high

10. A. strict B. kind C. single D. busy

11. A. down B. out C. up D. around

12. A. turkey B. juice C. change D. envelope

13. A. what B. when C. who D. why

14. A. need B. cook C. prepare D. afford

15. A. joking B. mad C. sure D. true

16. A. drove B. wheeled C. lifted D. raised

17. A. tears B. happiness C. joy D. fun

18. A. tried B. expected C. asked D. offered

19. A. pocket B. case C. drawer D. purse

20. A. help B. know C. see D. manage

跟蹤导练（三）

阅读理解

A

Fansida Dine

Our menu consists of classic European dishes made from the freshest ingredients （原料） with great care paid to every little detail. That is why our dishes can be considered as food art that impresses both vision and taste. Located at Fansida Building， it is near Aljunied MRT. Come and join us here at Fansida Dine for a true blue European fine dining experience like no other.

Pillars Restaurant

Pillars is equipped with a good team with vast experience in catering. Creativity is what our team of chefs are equipped with to create surprises for customers. Our traditional dishes have also received good and positive comments from our group of customers. With a strong and organized team， we deliver timely and quality services to customers at all times. You say it; we do it.

Char-Grill Bar

Char-Grill Bar has won “Asias No.1 Brand Western Cuisine （西餐） Bar”. With its large central kitchen as a support， Char-Grill Bars long term goal is to sincerely invite those who wish to own their business in western cuisine to join the chain and set up a shop to progress and grow together.

Irelands Potato

Originating from Taiwan， Irelands Potato was inspired by the Irishs passion for potatoes. As theres an Irish saying， “There are two things in the world that cannot be joked about： 1 is Marriage， 2 is Potato.” Irelands Potato firmly supports this belief to serve customers.

1. Why can the dishes in Fansida Dine be considered as food art？

A. They have special food design.

B. They are made at Fansida Building.

C. They have many different traditional tastes.

D. They are made from the freshest ingredients with great care.

2. What could be your best choice if you are hungry at 1：00 am？

A. Fansida Dine. B. Pillars Restaurant.

C. Char-Grill Bar. D. Irelands Potato.

3. Who will pay special attention to Char-Grill Bar？

A. One who lives near Aljunied MRT.

B. One who wants to become a teacher.

C. One who likes eating potatoes very much.

D. One who wants to have a western cuisine bar.

4. What do we know about Irelands Potato？

A. It is run by an Irish.

B. It is famous in Ireland.

C. It originated from Ireland.

D. It has a strict working principle.

B

We believe that there is more to education than preparation for a job. Children must be prepared for all aspects of their adult-life work， leisure， personal relationships， creative activities， dealing with money matters， independence， and parenthood.

However， it would be unrealistic to provide an education which gave no consideration to the needs of employers.

What type of training does the business world regard as important？

Many young people applying for jobs are， in the employers opinions， very weak in the basic skills of handwriting， grammar and spelling. Though further education at university level improves the students general ability， a report states， “In basic skills the standards remain stubbornly low.”

It is doubtful whether standards have lowered in recent years. What is certain is that employers do not believe the standard is now high enough. Do technological changes make greater demands upon the students abilities？

We should also remember that the job expectations of young people have increased. The girls who would have once become shop assistants or hairdressers now want to be secretaries. Boys who sought an apprenticeship （學徒身份） 20 years ago now desire to have an engineering degree. But it is still the same girls and boys with the same degree of ability. No wonder there are problems in reaching the “necessary standards” of the business world.

Many employers believe that it is important for teachers to have experience outside the world of college and school. They should work for a while at some other kinds of jobs to see how the world of business and commerce is different from their own. The teaching profession and society in general need a greater under-standing of manpower needs and therefore of “the desired” direction of the education system.

5. In the writers opinion， education should ___ .

A. improve adults life

B. pay more attention to basic skills

C. centre on students working ability

D. take the needs of employers into consideration

6. In talking about basic skills， the employers mean the standards ___ .

A. have been lowered B. are changing

C. cant meet the need D. should be kept the same

7. The underlined part in Paragraph 6 refers to those who ___ .

A. are likely to be unemployed

B. have just left the middle school

C. are looking for jobs far beyond their abilities

D. might be shop assistants， hairdressers or apprentices in the past

8. From the text we can learn the author holds the idea that teachers should ___ .

A. never change their jobs

B. improve their teaching methods

C. spend more time on their school work

D. get some working experience outside school

跟蹤导练（四）

完形填空

There was a very rich village landowner in India who was very generous. Everybody1him. Once he decided that for three days he would2things， including money， only to the3 . People were happy to receive rice， vegetables， money and other kinds of things.

One poor man got a very heavy sack （麻布袋） of rice. Since he was such a poor man， he was very4with it. But when he emptied the sack， to his great5 ， he found twenty gold coins inside the rice. His greedy wife was6 .

The husband said， “The landowner didnt intend to give me these gold coins. This must be a7 . I should return these coins.” The wife said8 ， “You are a fool！ We are so poor. This is the time to take the gold to the market and exchange it9   lots of money.” The husband    10    to do what his wife suggested. Then they11about the gold for hours. Of course， the husband     12because it was he who had brought the rice home.

The following day， he went13to the rich mans house and said， “You were so14to give all of us so many things. I have found these twenty gold coins put in the rice sack by mistake. Now I have come to15them to you. Though I am only a beggar， I can16accept this kind of gift if it was a mistake.” The rich man was so17by his sincerity and decided to give the poor man twice the amount. He said， “You brought me twenty gold coins and now you are getting forty. You are such an honest man. I am going to18an honest man as my housekeeper. Will you come and have a19 ？”

As expected， the rich man finally found his20house-keeper—the poor but honest man.

1. A. pleased B. admired C. envied D. appreciated

2. A. give away B. get back C. throw away D. set off

3. A. sick B. young C. poor D. old

4. A. strict B. confident C. qualified D. satisfied

5. A. excitement B. surprise C. disappointment D. joy

6. A. frightened B. delighted C. crazy D. cautious

7. A. test B. mistake C. joke D. trick

8. A. eagerly B. patiently C. foolishly D. angrily

9. A. for B. to C. with D. by

10. A. managed B. tried C. refused D. permitted

11. A. discussed B. thought C. argued D. quarrelled

12. A. finished B. won C. changed D. defeated

13. A. back B. away C. round D. off

14. A. wealthy B. friendly C. kind D. careless

15. A. return B. send C. give D. recover

16. A. hardly B. never C. seldom D. nearly

17. A. happy B. shocked C. ashamed D. moved

18. A. regard B. train C. employ D. help

19. A. job B. break C. drink D. try

20. A. clever B. wise C. special D. faithful

語法填空

In China， the history of people planting and using bamboo can date back as far as 7，000 years. As early as the Shang Dynasty， bamboo was being used in ancient peoples daily lives. It was used for food， clothing， housing， transportation，    1    （music） instruments and even weapons.

The    2    （apply） of bamboo in science and technology is thrilling. In 251 BC， Li Bing， in Sichuan，    3    （lead） the local people in building the Dujiang Weirs， the first irrigation network in the world， in which bamboo played an important role. The worlds oldest water pipe    4    （make） of bamboo， too. During the Han Dynasty， the people in Sichuan    5    （success） sank a 100-metre?-deep well with thick bamboo ropes. This technology did not spread to Europe    6    the 19th century， and it was by using the technology    7    the Americans drilled the first oil well in Pennsylvania in 1859.

In Chinese culture， bamboo is well-known    8    one of the “four gentlemen” in plants. To many distinguished men， bamboo is a symbol of goodness and    9    （honest）. It is always closely related to people of positive spirits. Bamboo culture contributes to encouraging people to hold on when    10    （face） tough situations.

1.                2.                3.                4.                5.

6.                7.                8.                9.                10.

短文改错

Today is Sunday. I had been studying all day long. On the morning， I had a dry breakfast. I had no water to drink because the water supply had cut off. The water came back in the evening. I did math exercises then. I didnt stop after 12 oclock. After the short lunch I had a break. Then I went to my Sunday English Class. After a long and tired class for more than two hours， I got home. Then I must review all my subject such as the Sciences， the Humanities which they include Chinese， English， Politics and History as well. Thats terribly， especially when there were no water.

跟踪导练（五）

阅读理解

Weve all been there： in a lift， in line at the bank or on an airplane， surrounded by people who are， like us， deeply focused on their smart phones or， worse， struggling with the uncomfortable silence.

Whats the problem？ Its possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. Its more likely that none of us start a conversation because its awkward and challenging， or we think its annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers， consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say its an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.

Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy， but we cant forget that deep relationships wouldnt even exist if it werent for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease （润滑剂） for social communication， says Bernardo Carducci， director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. “Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk，” he explains. “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others， not just communicate with them.”

In a 2014 study， Elizabeth Dunn， associate professor of psychology at UBC， invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction （互動） with its waiter; the other， to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. “Its not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband，” says Dunn. “But interactions with peripheral （边缘的） members of our social network matter for our well-being also.”

Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging， a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. “Small talk is the basis of good manners，” he says.

1. What is described in the first paragraph？

A. Addiction to smart phones.

B. Impatience with slow service.

C. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.

D. Absence of communication between strangers.

2. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci？

A. Focusing on a topic.

B. Making business deals.

C. Showing good manners.

D. Relating to other people.

3. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk？

A. It makes people feel good.

B. It raises peoples confidence.

C. It improves family relationships.

D. It matters as much as a formal talk.

4. What is the best title for the text？

A. Conversation Counts

B. Benefits of Small Talk

C. Uncomfortable Silence

D. Ways of Making Small Talk

閱读七选五

Moving abroad can be a challenging experience. You leave your family， friends and everything you know behind. You enter a new culture where the customs and sometimes the languages are different. 1 Its a time to discover new things， make new friends and begin a new adventure.

So what are the best ways to involve yourself in the new culture while living abroad？

Live with a native speaker.

2 First， you have a friend！ Living alone can be a lonely experience， especially if youre far from home. As for me， Ive had the opportunity to meet my housemates friends and socialize with them. 3 In addition， you have someone to tell you about the cultural customs and interesting places in the area.

4

The thought of making friends and mixing with the local people may seem scary at first but its worth it. You can meet other people in the area by joining a club， attending an evening class or participating in a language exchange with people that are interested in learning your native language.

Try the local food.

The food in France is amazing and discovering new food is a fun experience. 5 My knowledge of different bread and cheese types has grown greatly.

A. But its also exciting.

B. Socialize with the local people.

C. I currently volunteer to help the homeless.

D. Ive tried things that Ive never tried before.

E. You can also speak the local language every day.

F. I can improve my French vocabulary and understanding.

G. There are many advantages of living with a native speaker.

1.                2.                3.                4.                5.

跟蹤导练（六）

阅读理解

According to historical documents， the forefathers of the Naxi people were closely related to a tribe called “Maoniu Yi” in the Han Dynasty， “Maoniu Yi” in the Jin Dynasty and “Moxie Yi” in the Tang Dynasty.

Between the early 10th century and the middle of the 13th century， production in the Lijiang area experienced marked changes， as agriculture replaced livestock （家畜） breeding as the main occupation of the people. Scores of agricultural， handicraft， mineral and livestock products were turned out， and the country presented a picture of prosperity. During that period， a number of slave-owning groups in Ninglang， Lijiang and Weixi counties gradually grew into a feudal manorial lord caste （世袭封建庄园领主制）.

In 1278， the Yuan Dynasty established Lijiang Prefecture （自治州）， representing the imperial court in Yunnan Province. This resulted in closer links between the Lijiang area and the centre of the empire.

In the early Ming Dynasty， the leader of the Naxi people， named Mude， was made chief of Lijiang Prefecture， exercising control over the Naxi and other ethnic groups nearby. Throughout the Ming Dynasty， the chiefs from the Mu family kept taxes and tribute （贡品） flowing to the Ming court in the form of silver and grain. The Ming， in turn， relied on the Mu family as the mainstay for the control of the people of various ethnic groups in northwestern Yunnan Province.

Later， with the development of the productive forces， buying， selling and renting of land began to take place in the Naxi areas， marking the beginning of a landlord economy.

1. What was probably the main occupation in the 13th century in Lijiang？

A. Livestock breeding. B. Agriculture.

C. Fishing. D. Forestry.

2. When was Lijiang Prefecture set up？

A. In the Tang Dynasty. B. In the Song Dynasty.

C. In the Yuan Dynasty. D. In the Ming Dynasty.

3. What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us？

A. The good relationship between Mu Family and the Ming.

B. Yunnan Provinces economy in Ming Dynasty.

C. The achievements of Naxi peoples leader.

D. The Ming courts financial situation.

4. What can be a suitable title for the text？

A. The Mu Family

B. The Rulers of Naxi

C. The History of Lijiang Prefecture

D. The History of the Naxi Ethnic Group

书面表达

假如你是李华，你的英国网友正在写一篇关于各国中学生课外阅读情况的调查报告。他给你发了一封电子邮件，想了解相关情况。请你根据以下提示，给他回一封信。内容包括：

1﹒你校學生课外阅读的现状;

2﹒原因分析;

3﹒你对课外阅读的看法。

注意：

1﹒词数100左右;

2﹒开头和结尾已写好，不计入总词数。

参考词汇：课外阅读 extracurricular reading

Dear Helen，

Thank you for your email. Now I would like to tell you something about the extra?curricular reading in our school._______

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

Best wishes.

Yours，

Li Hua

What would the days be like without fathers？ Maybe not so bad， according to experts on the Mosuo culture.

Men of the Mosuo， who live around Lugu Lake on the border between Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces， do help to raise kids—just not their own， with whom the men typically have only limited relationships. Instead the men help look after all the children born to their own sisters， aunts， and other women of the family.

The women of the Mosuos villages head the households， make business decisions， and own property， which they pass on to their matrilineal heirs. In the unique Mosuo tradition called the walking marriage， women invite men to visit their rooms at night—and to leave in the morning. Women may also change partners as often as they like， and carry no social stigma.

“The lack of live-in fathers shouldnt be taken as evidence that the Mosuo dont value family life，” said Lombard， of the Lugu Lake Mosuo Cultural Development Association. “In fact， they value it above all other relationships.”

没有父亲的日子该怎么过？也许没那么糟糕——研究摩梭文化的专家如是说。

摩梭人生活在云南省和四川省交界处的泸沽湖一带，那里的男子在养儿育女问题上事实上也确有帮助——但他们所养育的都不是自己的孩子，没什么直接血缘关系，都是自己的姐妹、姨妈、姑妈及家族内其他女人生的孩子。

在摩梭人生活的村子，妇女自主安排并承担一切生计，她们拥有财产权，并有权把财产传给母系继承人。当地有一个十分独特的走婚习俗，也就是到了晚上，女子可以把男子请到家里来过夜，第二天一早，男子便可离开。女子可以随时随意更换男子，完全不会背负不好的社会名声。

泸沽湖摩梭文化发展协会的拉姆巴德说：“生活中缺少父亲，并不能因此说明摩梭人就不重视家庭生活。相反，他们会把那种家庭关系看得高于其他一切关系。”