英语名家笔下的冬的脸谱

摘    要：本文简要介绍和列举了英语名家笔下所描述的冬的形象，意在提供一种对冬天的文学阅读和文学审美的新视角，并希望通过文学阅读和审美的积累、借鉴和融合，丰富本民族语言的审美表达。

关键词：冬;脸谱;审美;阅读

英国浪漫主义诗人拜伦曾说：“英国的冬天，七月刚走，八月又来。”（The English winter--ending in July，To recommence in August.）可见冬天在英国的调皮和变化莫测。冬，只是一个时间和季节，但在作家的眼中，冬的千姿百态千变万化，犹如人的脸谱一样，花样翻新。

在相隔一个世纪的两位英国诗人柯珀和汤姆森的笔下，冬天是统治者，是国王：O Winter！ ruler of the inverted year，I crown thee king of intimate delights，Fireside enjoyments， home-born happiness.And all the comforts that the lowly roof Of undisturb'd Retirement， and the hours Of long uninterrupted evening， know（柯柏《任务》）。See， Winter comes， to rule the varied year，Sullen and sad， with all his rising train;Vapors， and Clouds， and Storms（汤姆森《四季之冬》）。此外，冬天还是汤姆森眼中忧郁恐怖、君临天下的君主：Dread Winter spreads his latest glooms，And reigns， tremendous， o'er the conquer'd Year.How dead the vegetable kingdom lies！How dumb the tuneful！ Horror wide extends His desolate domain.

在英国诗人和小说家伊丽莎白·兰登的小说《卡拉拉》中，冬天是美的魔法师，让世界瞬间变样：Never tell me of the sterner beauties of winter. Winter may have a mighty beauty of its own， where the mountain rises， white with the snow of a thousand years， hemmed in by black pine forests， eternal in their gloom ; where the overhanging avalanche makes terrible even the slightest sound of the human voice ; and where waters that never flowed spread the glittering valleys with the frost-work of the measureless past.它讓英国变换多姿，如川剧变脸： But the characteristic of English scenery is loveliness. We look for the verdant green of her fields， for the colours of her wild and garden flowers， for daisies universal as hope， and for the cheerful hedges， so various in leaf and bud. Winter comes to us with gray mists and drizzling rains ： now and then， for a day， the frost creates its own fragile and fairy world of gossamer ; but not often. We see the desolate trees， bleak and bare ; the dreary meadows， the withered gardens， and close door and window， to exclude the fog and the east wind.

在莎士比亚的《皆大欢喜》中，冬天长着冰牙，脾气暴躁地撕咬着人的身体：Here feel we but the penalty of Adam，The seasons' difference， as the icy fang And churlish chiding of the winter's wind， Which， when it bites and blows upon my body，Even till I shrink with cold， I smile and say，"This is no flattery."

在梭罗的《瓦尔登湖》中，冬天既有暴君的粗鲁和狂暴喧闹，也有情人的细心和温柔可人：Many of the phenomena of Winter are suggestive of an inexpressible tenderness and fragile delicacy. We are accustomed to hear this king described as a rude and boisterous tyrant; but with the gentleness of a lover he adorns the tresses of Summer.

在威廉·布克莱的《致冬》中，冬天是魔法无边的建筑师，它建立起了黑暗之城，城门上有着坚不可摧的门闩：O Winter！ bar thine adamantine doors：The north is thine; there hast thou built thy dark，Deep-founded habitation. Shake not thy roofs，Nor bend thy pillars with thine iron car.

在“美国乡村圣人”约翰·巴勒斯的《雪中漫步者》中，冬天是文学灵感的赋予者，它给文学以骨和筋：The tendinous part of the mind， so to speak， is more developed in winter; the fleshy， in summer. I should say winter had given the bone and sinew to literature， summer the tissues and the blood.

此外，冬天还是Edward Thomas笔下鲁莽后害羞的男子：（The Winter's cheek flushed as if he had drained Spring， Summer， and Autumn at a draught...）;是Stanley Horowitz的暗喻中的一幅刻蚀版画：（Winter is an etching， spring a watercolor， summer an oil painting， and autumn a mosaic of them all.）;是Edith Sitwell所推崇的其乐融融合家欢聚的最好时刻：（Winter is the time for comfort， for good food and warmth， for the touch of a friendly hand and for a talk beside the fire： it is the time for home.）;是Yoko Ono认为的坚持不懈坚韧不拔的人类记忆印象：（Spring passes and one remembers ones innocence.Summer passes and one remembers ones exuberance.Autumn passes and one remembers ones reverence.Winter passes and one remembers ones perseverance.）;是Mignon McLaughlin所理解的人类境遇的冷静提醒者：（Spring， summer， and fall fill us with hope; winter alone reminds us of the human condition.）;是约翰·巴勒斯眼中“水晶的生命，雪花的建筑师，霜冻之火，阳光的灵魂”：（It is the life of the crystal， the architect of the flake， the fire of the frost， the soul of the sunbeam. This crisp winter air is full of it.）;是泰勒·斯威夫特的记忆中“南瓜香料、肉桂、肉豆蔻、姜饼和云杉的味道”：（I love the scents of winter！ For me， it's all about the feeling you get when you smell pumpkin spice， cinnamon， nutmeg， gingerbread and spruce.）........凡此种种，不胜枚举。

在学习和研究英语的过程当中，有意识地归类收集和整理英語名家对某些具体事物的独具慧眼的描述，长期积累，透彻理解，深刻咀嚼，久而久之，既可以体会异域语言表达的丰富多彩，又可以品味不同语言审美的艺术乐趣，还可以通过借鉴、改造和融合的方式，极大地丰富我们本民族的语言。

参考文献：

[1]新培金引用语辞典 罗伯特·安德鲁 培金出版集团有限公司【M】2006

[2]中国文化概论 张岱年等 北京师范大学出版社【M】2004

作者简介：陈认真（1970-07 ）男 汉族 籍贯：湖北应城 单位：湖北工业大学外语学院 讲师 研究方向：英汉翻译 英美文学。