“六步法”巧解高考语法填空题

杨春吉

高考语法填空题是近似完形填空的一种题型。它分为“盲填”单词题和词性转换题两类。考题涉及词汇、语法、文章结构词用法等，深度考查考生的词汇灵活运用能力、语法知识的综合运用能力及篇章结构的理解与还原能力。考生若掌握以下“六步法”，即可成功解题，有效提高得分率。

一、谨慎定位考点

语法填空题大部分题目容易确定考点，突破也简单，所以我们要攻克的是考点不易确定的少数题目，这也是考生能考高分的诀窍。对于该类考题，考生要根据设题处已经具备的其他信息，以 “理解上下文句意”为主，慎重确定设题者的意图及考查内容，精准定位考点。一旦锁定考点，考生不但可以快速将思维和注意力集中到所考查的内容上，重点分析，针对性突破考点，而且可以事半功倍，减少失误。

【例题】

1.However， two weeks later， her aunt called again， ______ （say） that they were not coming to her wedding party， because she had to take a business trip to China.

2.It was at mid-night _____my father woke me up to watch the World Cup together.

3. Dont only stand there， boys！ Please find some seats for ______ （you）.

【答案与解析】

1.saying。该题难点在于定位设题处是并列动作还是伴随状语。分析句意、句子结构可知，called 是主体动作，say仅是个伴随动作，且逻辑主语一致，所以该题考查的是现在分词词组作伴随状语的用法，故应填saying。

2.that。该题考查的是强调结构的用法，强调时间状语at mid-night。此题很容易误填when。试比较：It was mid-night when my father woke me up to watch the World Cup together. 这题考生又很容易误认为是强调句而误填that。实际上，it在此指“时间”，when引导的是个时间状语从句。突破这类题的关键点在介词“at”上，有“at”，即为时间状语;无“at”，即是时间词组作表语。

3.yourselves。该题把设题处定位为考查反身代词用法并不难，难在不少考生把答案写作yourself，而不是yourselves。究其原因，考生对关键词boys理解不到位。该题的意思是“……男孩子们为自己找座位”，因此，应填yourselves才合理。

二、针对性定点突破

考生要遵循“考什么就分析什么”“见招拆招”的基本解题原则，针对性定点突破考题。考生确定考点后，由考点进行发散思维式理解和深入分析，减少冗余信息的干扰。深入分析考点的实质，层层剥笋，使考点显露原形，精准突破。

【例题】

1. He dreamed of becoming a writer since he was teenager. But it isnt easy to get a book of mine ______ （publish）.

2. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _____ his employees enjoy their work.

3. Last month my uncle called me and he said he ______ （visit） me with his family soon.

【答案與解析】

1.published。该题考查的是“get+宾语+done”结构。宾语book与done 是被动关系，published作宾语补足语。

2.where。atmosphere是表示地点含义的抽象名词，逻辑上在其后的定语从句中作地点状语。命题者采用部分不易识别的、具有地点含义的名词作先行词，常见的有point，atmosphere，situation，case，spot，race，business，state，position，phrase，paragraph，stage，scene等。该类名词表示事物发展到某种程度、地步或处于某一环境、状态，具有地点或位置的意思，其后常跟where引导的定语从句。这类题目加大了先行词的定位及甄别难度，致使部分考生频繁出错。考生解题时要仔细体会，小心应对。

3.would visit。根据上下文时态，初步断定应该用一般过去时，但根据句意“上个月，我叔叔电话告诉我，不久他就会和家人一起来看望我”，尤其是标志词soon的提示作用，即可断定应该用过去将来时。

三、合理理顺句意

理顺句意是解答语法填空题的“根本”和“核心”。一旦理顺句意，答案就基本确定。错误的答案势必使得句意产生扭曲或误导，不但不能真正表达作者的本意，而且还导致上下文句意不流畅、不合理。考生尤其要注意时态、语态类考题，这类题目仅仅是形式上的变化，对句意影响较小。

【例题】

1.One morning， he received a call from the publisher and _____ （tell） once again that there was no way his book was published.

2.Seeing that he was truly inspired. He suddenly realized that he shouldnt get _____ （courage） after experiencing failure.

3.As people became comfortable with the song， the wise man started to dance_____ it.

【答案与解析】

1.was told。由received 和and可推断出，此处用tell的过去式无疑，但根据句意“今天早上，他收到了出版商的一个电话，再一次被告知他的那本书不可能出版了”判断，此处应该用一般过去时的被动式。

2.discouraged。根据句意“看到此情景，令他备受鼓舞，他突然认识到在经历失败后，不应该气馁”，以及根据上下文语境推断，应该用discouraged。

3.to。根据设空处的设题特征应该填一个介词使dance和the sweet and soft song联系起来。该题很容易误用with，根据句意“当人们沉浸在音乐的韵律中时，这位智者随着优美的乐曲翩翩起舞”可知，应该用dance to。dance to意为“和着……的节拍跳舞”，后跟乐曲名词;而dance with sb.才是“和某人跳舞”的意思。

四、特殊现象，区别对待

语法填空题有不少考题是针对“特殊语法现象”而设计的。原因在于“特殊语法现象”容易让考生理解错误，导致误答。对于该类考题：

（一）考生要结合上下文意，精准体会、判断，慎重区分是否是“特殊语法现象”。

（二）考生要特别注意英语行文中“特殊语法现象”的标志词提示作用。

（三）考生在理清结构词或特殊现象后，根据“特殊语法现象”的使用规律对应解答，精准突破。

【例题】

1.Today， there are already robots ______ （work） in factories and hospitals， helping us do many jobs.

2.The teacher， as well as the students ______ fond of using the computer to finish the work they have to do.

3.Each person in the village had made great preparations， thinking about ______ questions he or she might ask the wise man.

4.Li Chen is the only one of the students who _____ （go） to attend the sports meeting.

【答案与解析】

1.working。该题考查的是“There be +主语+v-ing（作定语）+其他”结构。

2.is。根據“趋远一致”原则，当as well as，besides，more than，rather than，but，along with，together with，with，beyond，except，in addition to，including，like等连接并列主语时，谓语动词必须与前者一致。

3.what。该题考查的是介词宾语从句。what作定语，该句句意应为“村子里的每个人都做好了充分准备，思考他或她向这位智者问‘什么问题”才合理，故用what。

4.is。该题根据句意“李晨是这些学生中唯一一个去参加这次运动会的学生”可知，the only one是先行词，故应填is。

五、关注“脉络词”的运用

有时，高考命题者是针对文章的“脉络词”（也称结构词、关联词）来设计考题的。该类考题尽管数量较少，但也应引起考生的重视。考生在解题时要结合上下文，理解句与句之间是何种关联，对应选用“脉络词”。

【例题】

1.First of all， a doctor came up. He said that he had saved 9，999 patients during the epidemic. The king shook his head. ______ a poet came up. He said that his poems were no different from those of Li Bai and Du Fu. The king still shook his head again.

2.The disease began to spread slowly through some states. Because of peoples collective unconsciousness（集体无意识）， more and more people are inflected with it. Whats ____ （bad）， no government paid much attention to the disease.

【答案与解析】

1.Secondly。通过理解上下文结构可知，此处应填表示“层递”关系的关联词。所以，应填Secondly。

2.worse。根据文章上文The disease began to spread...; More and more people are infected with the disease可知，此处是“表达情况越来越严重的”插入语，应该填worse。

六、全方位检查，核实答案是否无误

考生运用上述技巧初步确定答案后，为了确保万无一失，还需要进行全方位核查，检查自己预填的答案是否正确无误。考生主要检查单词的大小写是否存在错误;单词拼写是否存在错误（如：过去时或现在分词是否需要双写最后一个字母，再加-ed或-ing;词尾是否变y为i再加-es或-ed，等）;可数名词的特殊复数形式（如：five men doctors，many sheep，hundreds of Chinese等）。最后规范书写，确保得分。

【例題】

1.Although we might see the same faces every day， we _____ （prefer） hiding behind our newspapers to talking to people around.

2. On Double Eleventh of every year， tens of thousands of ______ （Chinese）， in addition to many foreigners， are addicted to shopping on the Internet now.

【答案与解析】

1.preferred。该题空处用动词的过去式容易理解，但别忽视了要双写r，再加-ed。

2.Chinese。在英语中，Chinese，Japanese，Swiss这三个名词的单、复数形式相同。

【巩固练习】

请运用上述技巧解答下列语法填空题。

Nowadays， millions   1  lonely singles are now going online instead.   2   World Wide Web is quickly becoming the worlds most popular matchmaker（媒人）.

Singles are flocking（涌向） to the Internet   3   （main）because their busy lifestyles leave them little time to look for a significant other. Using dating sites（约会网址） is quick and convenient. Many singles say the regular dating scene has just  4  （lead） them from one bad experience to  5  and are ready to try something else. Dating sites also make  6  easy to avoid someone   7   you are not interested in. In the real world，    8  ， ignoring someone you dont like can be difficult.

Despite all the advantages， online dating also presents its own set of problems. People arent always those who they declare to be in their online   9   （describe）. Safety is another concern. You are just  10  （like） to find a criminal online as you are Mr. Or Miss Right.

【答案】

1. of 2. The 3. mainly 4. lead 5. another 6. it 7. who /whom 8. however 9. description 10. likely