盐酸埃克替尼片联合全脑放疗治疗非小细胞肺癌脑转移的临床效果

2020-04-27 13:18李文格戈伟
中国医药导报 2020年8期
关键词:肺癌

李文格 戈伟

[摘要] 目的 探討盐酸埃克替尼片(凯美纳)联合放疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌脑转移的近期效果和安全性。 方法 回顾性分析2013年2月~2016年2月武汉大学人民医院收治的142例非小细胞肺癌脑转移患者的临床资料,根据治疗途径将其分为盐酸埃克替尼片联合全脑放疗组51例、盐酸埃克替尼片组51例和全脑放疗组40例。盐酸埃克替尼片联合全脑放疗组为全脑放疗同时口服盐酸埃克替尼片,放疗剂量为40~50 Gy/20~25 F,1个月内放疗完成,盐酸埃克替尼片为放疗开始时每天口服一片,剂量为125 mg,3次/d;盐酸埃克替尼片组为每天口服一片盐酸埃克替尼片,剂量为125 mg,3次/d;全脑放疗组放疗剂量为40~50 Gy/20~25 F,1个月内放疗完成。三组患者直至病情进展或出现不能耐受的毒性反应停止用药,从开始治疗至病情进展计算无进展生存时间。通过χ2检验分析三组患者客观有效率、疾病控制率及各项不良反应发生率是否有显著差异,通过Kaplan-Meier检验法分析三组患者无进展生存期是否有显著差异。 结果 盐酸埃克替尼片联合全脑放疗组客观有效率和疾病控制率高于盐酸埃克替尼片组与全脑放疗组,差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05)。盐酸埃克替尼片组与全脑放疗组客观有效率和疾病控制率比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。盐酸埃克替尼片联合全脑放疗组的中位无进展生存时间高于盐酸埃克替尼片组和全脑放疗组,差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05);盐酸埃克替尼片组的无进展生存时间中位数与全脑放疗组比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。盐酸埃克替尼片联合全脑放疗组的1年生存率为66.7%,高于盐酸埃克替尼片组的41.2%和全脑放疗组的37.5%,差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05)。三组患者各项不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。 结论 盐酸埃克替尼片联合全脑放疗在不良反应可耐受的情况下可明显提高患者疾病控制率和无进展生存时间。

[关键词] 肺癌;脑转移;盐酸埃克替尼片;靶向药物;全脑放疗

[中图分类号] R73          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1673-7210(2020)03(b)-0101-05

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the short-term efficacy and safety of Icotinib Hydrochloride Tablets (Conmana) combined with whole-brain radiotherapy in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer with brain metastasis. Methods The clinical data of 142 patients with non-small cell lung cancer with brain metastasis admitted to the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from February 2013 to February 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the treatment approaches, they were divided into 51 cases in the group of Icotinib Hydrochloride Tablets combined with whole-brain radiotherapy, 51 cases in the group of Icotinib Hydrochloride Tablets and 40 cases in the group of whole-brain radiotherapy. In the Icotinib Hydrochloride Tablets combined with whole-brain radiotherapy group, whole-brain radiotherapy was performed simultaneously with oral administration of Icotinib Hydrochloride Tablets. The radiotherapy dose was 40-50 Gy/20-25 F, and the radiotherapy was completed within one month. Icotinib Hydrochloride Tablets were taken orally once a day at the beginning of radiotherapy, and the dose was 125 mg, 3 times a day. In the Icotinib Hydrochloride Tablets group, one Icotinib Hydrochloride Tablet was taken orally every day at a dose of 125 mg, 3 times a day. The whole-brain radiotherapy group received a radiotherapy dose of 40-50 Gy/20-25 F. The radiotherapy was completed within one month. In the three groups, the drug of parients was discontinued until the disease progressed or an intolerable toxic reaction occurred, and the progression-free survival time was calculated from the start of treatment until the disease progressed. Chi-square test was used to analyze whether there were significant differences in objective response rate, disease control rate and incidence of adverse reactions among the three groups of patients, and Kaplan-Meier test was used to analyze whether there were significant differences in progression-free survival among the three groups of patients. Results The objective response rate and disease control rate of Icotinib Hydrochloride Tablets combined with whole-brain radiotherapy group were higher than those of the Icotinib Hydrochloride Tablets group and the whole-brain radiotherapy group, the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the objective response rate and disease control rate between the Icotinib Hydrochloride Tablets group and the whole-brain radiotherapy group (P > 0.05). Median progression-free survival in the Icotinib Hydrochloride Tablets combined with whole-brain radiotherapy group was higher than that in the Icotinib Hydrochloride Tablets group and higher than that in the whole-brain radiotherapy group, the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The median progression-free survival time of the Icotinib Hydrochloride Tablets group was not significantly different from that of the whole-brain radiotherapy group (P > 0.05). The one-year survival rate of Icotinib Hydrochloride Tablets combined with whole-brain radiotherapy group was 66.7% higher than that of the Icotinib Hydrochloride Tablets group (41.2%) and the whole-brain radiotherapy group (37.5%), with statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions among the three groups of parients (P > 0.05). Conclusion Icotinib Hydrochloride Tablets combined with whole-brain radiotherapy can significantly improve the disease control rate and progression-free survival time of patients with tolerable adverse reactions.

2.3 不良反应

三组患者未出现Ⅲ~Ⅳ级不良反应,均为Ⅰ~Ⅱ级不良反应,三组患者均未见严重的肝肾功能损害及心、肺毒副作用。盐酸埃克替尼片联合全脑放疗组主要不良反应為乏力、皮疹、腹泻、头晕头痛、肝肾损伤,盐酸埃克替尼片组主要不良反应有乏力、皮疹、头晕头痛、恶心呕吐;盐酸埃克替尼片组不良反应有乏力、头晕头痛。三组患者各项不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。见表3。

3 讨论

肺癌是全球发生率最高的癌症,颅脑是肺癌最容易转移的部位,对于多个颅内转移病灶的患者,手术有一定的局限性,放疗通常作为首选治疗方案,放疗可以缓解由于颅脑占位所致颅内压增高的头痛、呕吐、视盘水肿等症状,然而放疗并未明显改善患者的总生产时间。目前,分子靶向药物由于分子量小易透过血脑屏障,在肺癌脑转移患者中显示出优势[5-6]。盐酸埃克替尼片是国产的第二代表皮生长因子抑制剂,它通过抑制EGFR,阻断细胞生殖信号的传递,抑制肿瘤细胞的分化和增长,从而达到抑癌的作用[7]。与化疗药物比较,盐酸埃克替尼片因分子量小易通过血脑屏障[8-9],放疗可以开放血脑屏障,使盐酸埃克替尼片进入颅内的浓度升高而增强放疗的敏感性,抑制肿瘤细胞的生殖,增强肿瘤凋亡,从而达到两者的协同作用。

多项研究表明[10-16],与放疗联合可以显著延长非小细胞肺癌脑转移患者的中位生存期,且作用迅速,能同时改善颅内外肿瘤的进展,与本研究结果高度一致。本研究通过将临床资料差异无统计学意义的非小细胞肺癌脑转移患者进行分组研究,结果发现盐酸埃克替尼片联合全脑放疗组ORR(35.3%)和DCR(70.6%)显著高于单用盐酸埃克替尼片组(15.7%、47.1%),同时也显著高于单用全脑放疗组(15.0%、40.0%),这提示两者联用可以有效控制脑转移患者的颅内外病灶的进展,缓解颅内外症状,提高患者的生活质量。在生存时间上,本研究发现盐酸埃克替尼片联合全脑放疗组中位无进展生存时间11.0个月较盐酸埃克替尼片组的8.5个月和全脑放疗组的8.0个月显著延长,同时盐酸埃克替尼片联合全脑放疗组患者的1年生存率高显著高于盐酸埃克替尼片组和全脑放疗组,提示两者联用可以显著提高患者的生存率,延长患者的生存时间,为脑转移患者带来巨大收益。Magnuson等[17]一项回顾性研究表明,EGFR-TKIs同步放疗和延迟放疗与发生脑转移的EGFR-突变型肺癌患者的总生存期有关,本研究盐酸埃克替尼片联合全脑放疗组的患者为放疗同时规律口服盐酸埃克替尼片,并未将延迟放疗患者进行纳入比较,还需进一步的临床研究验证盐酸埃克替尼片与全脑放疗的治疗时机。盐酸埃克替尼片主要的不良反应为皮疹和腹泻[18-20],全脑放疗组不良反应为头晕头痛、乏力,研究表明[14]盐酸埃克替尼片放疗可使白细胞数减少,缓解头痛等神经系统症状,本研究盐酸埃克替尼片组主要不良反应为乏力、皮疹、头晕头痛,盐酸埃克替尼片联和全脑放疗组主要不良反应为乏力、头晕头痛,盐酸埃克替尼片联和全脑放疗组的患者并未明显增加以上不良反应,且三组患者均未出现Ⅲ~Ⅳ级严重的不良反应,如严重的肝肾功能损害及心、肺毒副作用,出现的不良反应均为轻度,经对症治疗后均有所好转,患者均可耐受。本研究结果提示盐酸埃克替尼片联合全脑放疗安全性良好,具有临床可实施性的基础。

本回顾性分析虽然结果显示盐酸埃克替尼可显著增强放疗,但所得结果有一定的局限性,原因包括:①该分析所收例数较少;②病例存在选择偏倚;③部分患者在使用盐酸埃克替尼片前并未行基因检测,无法准确评价突变类型对患者预后的影响,有待后期扩大样本量进一步验证。本研究初步证实对于EGFR突变的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者,盐酸埃克替尼片同步联合全脑放疗可安全有效地提高非小细胞肺癌脑转移患者的DCR,延长无进展生存时间,为患者带来生存获益。

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(收稿日期:2019-07-17  本文编辑:顾家毓)

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