表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂联合125I放射性粒子植入治疗非小细胞肺癌的效果

2020-04-27 13:18佘华龙陈凯
中国医药导报 2020年8期
关键词:放射性生存率粒子

佘华龙 陈凯

[摘要] 目的 探討表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR-TKIS)联合125I放射性粒子植入治疗非小细胞肺癌的效果。 方法 选取2015年6月~2017年5月湘南学院附属医院放射科收治的非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者70例,根据治疗方法不同分为对照组(35例)观察组(35例),对照组患者给予EGFR-TKIS治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合125I放射性粒子植入治疗。比较两组疗效、不良反应及生存率,同时比较两组治疗前后卡氏功能状态评分(KPS评分)。结果 观察组有效率和局部控制率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P < 0.05)。两组气胸、腹泻、皮肤不良反应及骨髓抑制的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。截至随访末共30个月,对照组死亡26例,观察组死亡18例。观察组1年生存率和2年生存率均高于对照组,且无进展生存时间明显高于对照组(P < 0.05)。治疗3个月后观察组KPS评分显著高于对照组(P < 0.05)。 结论 EGFR-TKIS联合125I放射性粒子植入能够提高NSCLC患者治疗效果及局部控制率,同时提高患者1、2年生存率及无进展生存期,改善治疗后患者生活质量,不增加治疗风险。

[关键词] 表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂;125I放射性粒子植入;非小细胞肺癌;疗效

[中图分类号] R734.2          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1673-7210(2020)03(b)-0121-04

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKIS) combined with 125I radioactive seed implantation in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods From June 2015 to May 2017, 70 patients with NSCLC from Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University were selected. According to the different treatment methods, they were divided into the control group (35 cases) and the observation group (35 cases). The patients in the control group were treated with EGFR-TKIS, and the observation group was treated with 125I radioactive seed implantation on the basis of the control group. The curative effect, the adverse reaction and the survival rate of the two groups were compared, and the Karnofsky performance starus score (KPS score) before and after treatment was compared. Results The effective rate and local control rate in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in pneumothorax, diarrhea, adverse reaction of skin and the rate of bone marrow suppression between the two groups (P > 0.05). Follow-up was conducted for 30 months, 26 cases died in the control group and 18 cases in the observation group. The 1 year survival rate and 2 years survival rate in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The non-progression survival time was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). After 3 months of treatment, the Karlman score in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion EGFR-TKIS combined with 125I radioactive seed implantation can improve the therapeutic effect and local control rate of NSCLC patients, improve the 1 year and 2 years survival rate and progression-free survival time of patients, improve the quality of life of patients after treatment, and do not increase the risk of treatment.

在常规放射性治疗晚期NSCLC患者过程中若达到完全杀灭肿瘤细胞的目的需辐射剂量达到100 Gy,过大的辐射量会损伤患者多个器官及系统,显著增加放射性肺炎的发生风险,同时患者的总生存期在高水平辐射剂量时可明显缩短[15-16]。125I放射性粒子植入是目前治疗中晚期NSCLC患者的微创手段,属于内放射治疗的范畴,放射粒子通过释放出γ射线达到破坏被照射细胞DNA链的目的,使其无法增殖进而达到治疗目的[17-19]。此外有研究显示[20],低能量的γ射线对增殖活跃的G2、M期肿瘤细胞作用更加明显,在剂量达到3 cGy左右就能产生抑制肿瘤细胞增殖的作用。有关研究显示[21-22],EGFR-TKIS药物具有增强细胞对射线敏感性的作用,联合放射性粒子植入能够产生更好的治疗效果,此外孙颖等[23]指出125I放射性粒子植入瘤体局部照射后能改变肿瘤组织与正常组织的剂量分配比,使治疗靶区照射剂量远高于非治疗靶区,达到保护正常组织的效果,同时可降低放射性肺炎等疾病的发生风险。本研究结果显示,125I放射性粒子联合EGFR-TKIS能够提高NSCLC患者局部控制率,分析后认为,放射性粒子植入后能够缓慢释放射线,此过程可持续200 d,较单纯药物治疗而言,对局部肿瘤组织的治疗作用更加明显。本研究结果提示,125I放射性粒子植入不增加治疗风险,并可改善NSCLC患者治疗后的生活质量,分析后认为与二者联合产生协同治疗作用有关。

综上所述,EGFR-TKIS联合125I放射性粒子植入能够提高NSCLC患者治疗效果及局部控制率,同时提高患者1、2年生存率及无进展生存期,改善患者生活质量,不增加治疗风险。

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(收稿日期:2019-09-17  本文编辑:封   华)

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