双硫仑对肿瘤相关巨噬细胞分泌细胞因子基因表达的影响

2020-10-09 10:32张雯雯刘璐瑶曹娟
中国医药导报 2020年23期
关键词:双硫仑

张雯雯 刘璐瑶 曹娟

[摘要] 目的 研究雙硫仑(DSF)对口腔鳞状细胞癌(OSCC)肿瘤细胞上清液诱导肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(TAMs)分泌的细胞因子基因表达的影响。 方法 将RAW264.7细胞随机分为对照组和研究组,研究使用两种诱导方法,第一种诱导方式为对照组用CAL27肿瘤细胞上清诱导RAW264.7细胞48 h,研究组在CAL27肿瘤细胞上清液诱导RAW264.7细胞的同时加入DSF/葡萄糖酸铜(DSF/Cu)2 μmol/L干预48 h;第二种诱导方式为对照组用CAL27肿瘤细胞上清诱导RAW264.7细胞48 h后,继续诱导48 h,研究组CAL27肿瘤细胞上清诱导RAW264.7细胞48 h后,用DSF/Cu 2 μmol/L干预48 h。检测两种诱导方式下,一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、白细胞介素12(IL-12)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、精氨酸酶1(Arg-1)、IL-10的基因表达情况。 结果 诱导过程中加入DSF/Cu,研究组iNOS mRNA水平高于对照组,Arg-1 mRNA水平低于对照组,差异均有高度统计学意义(均P < 0.01)。两组IL-12、TNF-α、IL-10 mRNA水平,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。诱导48 h后加入DSF/Cu,研究组iNOS mRNA、IL-12 mRNA、TNF-α mRNA、IL-10 mRNA水平高于对照组,Arg-1 mRNA水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05或P < 0.01)。 结论 DSF可调节TAMs分泌细胞因子的基因表达,有助于进一步阐明DSF抗OSCC的作用机制,可能为将来口腔肿瘤的诊治提供实验依据和治疗策略。

[关键词] 双硫仑;葡萄糖酸铜;肿瘤相关巨噬细胞;口腔鳞状细胞癌

[中图分类号] R739.8          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1673-7210(2020)08(b)-0012-04

[Abstract] Objective To study the effect of Disulfiram (DSF) on the genes expression of cytokine secreted by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tumor cell supernatant. Methods RAW264.7 cells were randomly divided into control group and research group. Two induction methods were used, the first inducement was that CAL27 tumor cell supernatant was used to induce RAW264.7 cells for 48 h in control group; and DSF and copper gluconate (DSF/Cu) 2 μmol/L were added to the CAL27 tumor cell supernatant to induce RAW264.7 cells for 48 h in research group. The second inducement was that RAW264.7 cells were induced with CAL27 tumor cell supernatant for 48 h, and then continued to be induced for 48 h in control group; in research group, after CAL27 tumor cell supernatant induced RAW264.7 cells for 48 h, DSF/Cu 2 μmol/L was used to intervene for 48 h. The gene expression levels of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-12 (IL-12), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), argininase 1 (Arg-1) and IL-10 were measured. Results DSF/Cu was added in the induction process, iNOS mRNA level of research group was higher than that of control group, Arg-1 mRNA level was lower than that of control group, and the differences were highly statistically significant (all P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in IL-12, TNF-α and IL-10 mRNA levels between two groups (P > 0.05). DSF/Cu was added 48 h after induction, iNOS mRNA, IL-12 mRNA, TNF-α mRNA, IL-10 mRNA levels in research group were higher than those in control group, and Arg-1 mRNA level was lower than that in control group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Conclusion DSF can regulate the gene expression of cytokines secreted by TAMs, which helps to further clarify the mechanism of disulfiram against OSCC. It may provide experimental basis and treatment strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of oral tumors in the future.

[Key words] Disulfiram; Copper gluconate; Tumor-associated macrophages; Oral squamous cell carcinoma

口腔鳞状细胞癌(oral squamous cell carcinoma,OSCC)是口腔中常见的癌症,占头颈癌的90%以上[1]。OSCC具有侵袭性强、转移率高和预后差的特点,5年生存率不足50%[2]。近年来,OSCC的肿瘤微环境(TME)受到广泛关注,成为研究热点之一。肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(TAMs)是TME的重要免疫细胞群,参与肿瘤的发生发展[3]。TAMs在肿瘤进展期间可处于不同的极化状态,主要为M1型和M2型。M1型分泌细胞因子白细胞介素12(IL-12)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、IL-6和硝酸氧化物发挥抗肿瘤作用[4]。M2型分泌IL-10、精氨酸酶1(Arg-1)等因子促进肿瘤的发展[5]。双硫仑(DSF)作为安全抗酒精药物[6],近年来,主要作为治疗癌症的潜在研究药物,其可损害血管生成,抑制肿瘤侵袭转移,进而加速肿瘤衰退[7-9]。研究显示,培养基中的铜能增强DSF的抗癌活性,解决DSF容易失去活性的问题[10-11]。有研究显示[12],将肿瘤细胞上清液与巨噬细胞共同孵育将其诱导为TAMs,可以更好地模拟肿瘤微环境。因此,本研究通过观察DSF/葡萄糖酸铜(DSF/Cu)及OSCC肿瘤细胞上清液对RAW264.7细胞的两种作用方式,诱导TAMs分泌细胞因子基因表达的影响,探讨DSF/Cu抗OSCC作用机制,为OSCC的干预提供理论依据以及治疗策略。

1 材料与方法

1.1 细胞株

人类舌鳞状细胞癌细胞系CAL27细胞,小鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞购于武汉大学细胞实验室。

1.2 药品与试剂

特级胎牛血清(批号:04-001-1A)、PBS(批号:02-024-1ACS)购自美国BI公司;DMEM(美国gibco公司,批号:06-1055-57-1ACS);二甲基亚砜(DMSO,美国sigma公司,批号:D2650);CCK-8(美国APExBIO公司,批号:K1018);RNA提取试剂盒(批号:9767)、反转录试剂盒(批号:RR047A)、PCR试剂盒(批号:RR820A)购自TKR公司;DSF(大连美仑生物公司,批号:MB1892);葡萄糖酸铜(中国麦克林公司,批号:C832356)。

1.3 方法

1.3.1 試验药物的配制  使用0.1 mg称量精度的天平(美国奥豪斯,型号:PX224ZH)分别量取0.1 g DSF和葡萄糖酸铜,DMSO溶解DSF,PBS稀释配比得DSF稀释液。去离子水稀释溶解0.1 g葡萄糖酸铜。

1.3.2 肿瘤细胞上清液的收集及DSF/Cu和CAL27细胞上清混合液的制备  取对数生长期状态良好的CAL27细胞接种至培养瓶中,生长密度约为80%时,换新完全培养基培养,24 h后收集培养基,1000 r/min,离心5 min,收集上清液,按7∶3比例将上清液与新完全培养基制备为肿瘤细胞上清液。将DSF/Cu溶于肿瘤细胞上清液中形成DSF/Cu和CAL27细胞上清混合液。

1.3.3 CCK-8法测定DSF/Cu对RAW264.7细胞活力  选对数生长期RAW264.7细胞接种在96孔板(2000个/孔),贴壁后,换肿瘤细胞上清100 μL加不同浓度DSF/Cu,每组设6个副孔。DSF为对照组(0 μmol/L)、研究组(0.5、1、2、4、8 μmol/L),葡萄糖酸铜为对照组(0 μmol/L)、研究组(0.5、1、2、4、8 μmol/L)作用48 h后,每孔加CCK-8 10 μL,孵育4 h。酶标仪检测450 nm吸光度(OD)值。计算细胞生长活性:存活率(%)=(加药组OD/对照组OD)×100%。

1.3.4 实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(PCR)检测mRNA表达  选对数生长期RAW264.7细胞种于六孔板,随机分对照组和研究组,每组3个副孔,用CAL27肿瘤细胞上清液诱导RAW264.7细胞。按照TKR说明书,提取并纯化RNA,Nano drop 2000C仪器检测RNA的纯度及浓度,取合格总RNA为模板,按TKR逆转录试剂盒逆转录为cDNA。以β肌动蛋白为内参,实时荧光定量PCR两步法进行扩增:95℃预变性30 s,95℃ 5 s,60℃ 20 s 40个循环。应用2-ΔΔCT法分析mRNA相对表达量。序列如下:β-actin:5′-GTGCT-ATGTTGCTCTAGACTTCG-3′,5′-ATGCCACAGGAT-TCCATACC-3′;IL-10:5′-CTGCTATGCTGCCTGCTC-TTACTG-3′,5′-ATGTGGCTCTGGCCGACTGG-3′;IL-12:5′-ACGAGAGTTGCCTGGCTACTAGAG-3′,5′-TCTG-AAGTGCTGCGTTGATGGC-3′;TNF-α:5′-CTCATG-CACCACCATCAAGGACTC-3′,5′-AGACAGAGGCA-ACCTGACCACTC-3′;Arg-1:5′-TGCTCACACTGAC-ATCAACACTCC-3′,5′-GGTCTACGTCTCGCAAGCC-AATG-3′;iNOS:5′-TGCCACGGACGAGACGGATAG-3′,5′-CTC-TTCAAGCACCTCCAGGAACG-3′。

1.4 观察指标

①采用CAL27细胞上清液孵育RAW264.7诱导形成TAMs,观察组在TAMs诱导过程中加入DSF/Cu作用48 h,检测两组iNOS、IL-12、TNF-α、Arg-1、IL-10的mRNA水平;②CAL27肿瘤细胞上清液诱导RAW264.7细胞诱导形成TAMs,在诱导48 h后观察组加入DSF/Cu再作用48 h,对照组继续诱导48 h,检测两组iNOS、IL-12、TNF-α、Arg-1、IL-10的mRNA水平。

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(收稿日期:2020-02-18)

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