巧用被动语态，提升书面表达

付利

被动语态是英语中一个很重要的语法点，是地道英语的一种重要表达方式。认识、掌握并恰当使用被动语态，在高考书面表达中有着重大的意义。

Step 1 真题感知

1. （2020·全国甲卷）

Last weekend， my classmates and I participated in a picking activity on the Dongshan Farm， which turned out to be meaningful and unforgettable.

Founded in the 1950s， the farm is famous and attractive， covered with a variety of fruits and colorful flowers. Many animals are raised there as well. We were divided into several groups in advance. Some filled in the baskets and others carried them to the truck. What a busy scene！ We had a short break after lunch and then went on working until 5：00 pm. At about 6：30 pm， we all arrived home， exhausted but happy.

Its through this activity that I have realized how important teamwork is. I will benefit from this experience forever.

2. （2019·全國丙卷）

Dear Allen，

Hows it going？ Im writing to invite you to take part in our coming Music Festival.

The Festival will be celebrated on June 16 in our school hall. As scheduled， it will begin at 9 am and go on to 12 am. If youre present， you will enjoy wonderful Chinese folk songs and Western music will be performed by our teachers and schoolmates. Since youre an expert in theatrical performances， were happy to have you to sing and dance on the show. If you agree to come， your performances， together with other performances， will be put on the list to let the audience know ahead of time.

Im looking forward to your reply.

Yours，

Li Hua

以上都是从满分范文中选取的代表作。在这两篇文章中，被动语态正确且恰当的使用，让文章整体读起来流畅、自然。

Step 2 语法提点

语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词的实施者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词的承受者，以下主要讲述语态中的被动语态。

一、 谓语动词的被动语态

结构

用法举例

1. 用被动语态将动作的承受者作为要表达的中心。

The meeting has been rescheduled because of the outbreak of COVID19.

Many of the school records were broken in school meeting held last week.

You have to choose another way because the road is still being repaired.

2. 为了礼貌起见，避免提到动作的执行者。

Little Tom had been warned again not to be late， but he didnt listen.

My salary hasnt been paid yet.

3. 为了变换句型，让文章的表达丰富、生动，避免单调、无聊，吸引读者读下去。

He put his laundry in the washing machine， and hurried to work， but when he came back， the laundry had been washed and hung on the balcony. It must have been done by his mother. At that time， his heart was filled with love and happiness.

4. 为了让上下文自然、流畅，丰富句型，增加可读性。

CocaCola was invented by a pharmacist named John Pemberton， whose original recipe contained cocaine. That is why the drink was named CocaCola. Today， CocaCola is a global brand that is consumed by millions of people around the world.

5. 提升文章表达。

Youre welcome to be present at the yearly papercutting exhibition. It is often held on October 1st， running for a week. Thousands of visitors are attracted to the show every year， for theyre more available during the National Day holiday to enjoy the big event.

二、 非谓语动词的被动语态

结构

用法举例

1. 用to be done表示将来要被进行的动作。

I？蒺m writing to invite you to take part in the music show to be held next Saturday.

2. 用having been done强调该动作先于主句动作，并对主句动作造成一定的影响。

Having been introduced to Sichuan food many times， he decided to have a taste.

3. 用being done表示正在被进行的动作。

How I wish you could go with me to the Science Expo being held at the Exhibition Center， where a variety of the latest cuttingedge technologies are being exhibited. I believe it would be an exciting experience.

4. 用done表示已經被完成的动作。

Now， its very convenient for passengers to collect tickets booked online. At the airport， the train station and the bus station， many printing machines are planted there， offering convenient ticket printing service.

Step 3 单句过手

1. （2020·全国乙卷）Mr Li                                                      ， including me. With thick glasses， eyes                                             with wisdom and mild nature， he is a genuine scholar.

李老师在学生中备受尊敬，包括我。他戴着一副厚厚的眼镜，眼里充满了智慧和温和，是一个真正的学者。

2. （2020·全国乙卷）Unfortunately， I                                              when my mind drifted away.不幸的是，当我走神的时候，我被邀请分享我的看法。

3. （2020·全国丙卷）The play                                             in our English textbook.

这部戏剧是依据我们英语课本上一个故事改编的。

4. （2019·全国乙卷）Having known a Chinese Painting Exhibition                                          by the local art gallery， Im writing to apply to be a volunteer.

了解到当地美术馆将举办中国画展，我写信来申请当一名志愿者。

5.（2019·全国甲卷）Im writing to tell you a piece of news that a volleyball game

on the playground this Friday afternoon.

我寫信来告诉你一个消息，这周五下午学校运动场将举行一场排球比赛。

6. （2019·天津卷）Your earliest reply                                         .

非常感谢你的及早答复。

7. （2019·浙江卷）To my gratitude， your free time                                        in helping me polish up my oral English.

让我感激的是，你的业余时间都花在帮助提高我的英语口语上。

8. （2018·全国乙卷）Appropriate gifts                                        .

强烈推荐带上合适的礼物。

9. （2018·全国乙卷）Table manners                                        .

再怎么强调餐桌礼仪都不过分。

10. （2018·全国甲卷）An amazing English short movie about our school                                        in the library.

一部关于我们学校的很棒的英语短片将在图书馆放映。

11. （2018·全国甲卷）                                              ， it will not only arouse the pride of all the students in our school， but also serve as a motivation for everyone to study hard.

按照预期，它不仅会激发全体学生对学校的自豪之情，还会成为每个人努力学习的动力。

12. （2018·全国甲卷）Every kind of feedback of the movie                                         .

届时将鼓励大家发表关于这部电影的各种反馈。

13. （2018·全国甲卷）The film                                       provides a brief summary of the changes that took place in our school.

以上提到的电影简单总结了我们学校发生的变化。

14. （2018·全国甲卷）At the end of the show， you                                          to make comments about the film.

放映结束时，你将被邀请对电影做点评。

15. （2018·北京卷）Peking University                                                  its language and culture course                                          for international students.

北大因專门向国际学生提供语言和文化课程而出名。

16. （2018·江苏卷）Nowadays， most commodities or services                                  through certain channels.

如今，人们都是通过某些渠道来评价大部分商品和服务的。

17. （2018·江苏卷）As we all know， most of the ratings                                       other customers judgement on the products or service concerned.

众所周知，大部分排名都是基于其他顾客对相关产品或者服务的评价的。

18. （2018·江苏卷）Another fact                                      that some of the ratings are the outcome of a careful manipulation of companies or sellers.

还有不容忽视的情况是，一些排名是一些公司或者卖家精心操作的结果。

19. （2018·全国丙卷）There is a brilliant stadium in my school， which                                         two years ago.                                  ， the stadium attracts a great many students after school.

我们学校有一座两年前修建的漂亮的体育馆。这座体育馆设备非常齐全，吸引着很多学生课后来运动。

20. （2017·全国乙卷）The lesson                          from 3 pm to 5 pm next Tuesday afternoon. You will learn about Tang Poetry， which reflects traditional Chinese culture and                                                             by Chinese people.

这堂课将在下周二下午3点到5点开课。你会了解到唐诗——反映中国传统文化、深受中国人喜爱的诗歌。

21. （2017·全国甲卷）Im writing to invite you to pay a visit to the Chinese papercutting exhibition _______________________ by our school.

我写信是为了邀请你参加将在我们学校举办的中国剪纸展。

22. （2017·全国甲卷）Not only will our schools papercutting clubs works                                  ， but we will also have some valuable sets of papercutting                                       .

我们学校剪纸俱乐部的作品将被展出，而且我们还要展出由著名艺术家创作的剪纸作品。

23. （2016·全国乙卷）Id be very grateful if you could spare some time to go through my résumé and make necessary changes in the material                                         .

如果你能抽些时间帮我仔细看看我的简历，给附在这封信后面的材料做必要的修改，我将不胜感激。

24. （2013·重庆卷）Finless porpoises， a kind of rare and lovely animal，                                       the danger of extinction.

江豚，一种可爱、稀有的动物，面临着灭绝的危险。

25. （2017·全国乙卷）Its high time that immediate measures                                         .

是时候立刻采取措施了。

26. （2017·北京卷）Therere two trips to the Yangtze River and Mount Tai，                                .

长江之行和泰山之旅都被强烈推荐。

27. （2015·全国乙卷）The newspaper carries articles                                       about the cultures of their home countries.

报纸登载了朋友们写的关于他们国家文化的文章。

28. （2015·重庆卷）Im more than delighted when learning about the project                                 Bookcrossing.com where participants can share their books.

我很高興得知一个由Bookcrossing.com组织的项目，在这个网站上参与者们可以分享他们的书。

Step 4 语篇妙用

在下列完整的语篇练习中，适当、正确地运用谓语动词和非谓语动词的被动语态。

（2017·全国丙卷）假定你是李华，你所在的校乒乓球队正在招收新队员。请给你的留学生朋友Eric写封邮件邀请他加入，内容包括：

1. 球队活动;

2. 报名方式及截止日期。

注意：

1. 词数100左右;

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。                                                                                             Dear Eric，

Yours，

Li Hua