6种植物精油对联苯菊酯触杀活性的影响

2021-11-03 15:40彭凯旋杨俊杰殷梓博张方梅
安徽农学通报 2021年19期

彭凯旋 杨俊杰 殷梓博 张方梅

摘 要:采用点滴法测定了香樟、土荆芥、黄花蒿、波斯菊、留兰香、蓝冰柏等6种植物精油与98%联苯菊酯杀虫剂联用对灰茶尺蠖2龄幼虫的触杀活性。结果表明,除波斯菊精油外,其他精油随着浓度的增加,灰茶尺蠖幼虫的死亡率逐渐增高;98%联苯菊酯杀虫剂的半数致死浓度LC50为195.763μg/mL。精油与杀虫剂联用,香樟精油和留兰香精油提高了联苯菊酯对灰茶尺蠖幼虫的触杀活性,土荆芥精油和黄花蒿精油未影响联苯菊酯的触杀活性,而波斯菊和蓝冰柏精油降低了联苯菊酯的触杀活性。研究结果为植物精油在害虫防治中的应用提供了理论依据。

关键词:植物精油;联苯菊酯;灰茶尺蠖;触杀活性

中图分类号  S436  文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731(2021)19-0088-04

Effect of Six Essential Oils on the Contact Toxicity of Bifenthrin

PENG Kaixuan et al.

(Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Henan Provincial South Henan Crop Pest Green Prevention and Control Academician Workstation, Agricultural Department, Xinyang 464000, China)

Abstract: The combination of 6 plant essential oils, which were extracted from Cinnamomum camphora, Chenopodium ambrosioides L., Artemisia annua L., Cosmos bipinnata, Mentha spicata Linn, Cupressus glabra ‘Blue Ice, and 98% bifenthrin to the 2nd instar larvae of E. grisescens were investigated by micro-drop method. The results showed that the mortality rate of E. grisescens larvae increased with the increase of concentration except the essential oil from C. bipinnata, and the LC50 of 98% bifenthrin was 195.763μg/mL. When the essential oil was mixed with insecticides, the essential oil from C. camphora and M. spicata significantly improved the contact effect of bifenthrin; C. ambrosioides and A. annua essential oil had no effect on the contact of bifenthrin. However, the essential oil from C. bipinnata and C. glabr ‘Blue Ice decreased the contact effect of bifenthrin, which will provide a theoretical foundation for application of plant essential oil in pest management.

Key words: Plant essential oils; Bifenthrin; Ectropis grisescens; Contact toxicity

灰茶尺蠖(Ectropis grisescens Warren)属于鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)尺蛾科(Geometridae),是河南信阳茶园发生最普遍、危害最严重的害虫之一。该虫主要以幼虫取食嫩叶危害,严重时可以将茶树食成秃枝,对茶叶产量、品质等构成了较大威胁[1]。目前,茶园尺蠖类害虫的防治在很大程度上仍是以联苯菊酯、溴氰菊酯、啶虫脒等化学农药防治为主,由于长期使用不当,导致害虫对部分杀虫剂产生了较高的抗性。与此同时,茶园天敌大量减少,严重破坏了茶园的生态平衡。

植物精油是从天然植物中提取的具有特征气味的挥发性物质,主要包括萜类化合物、芳香族化合物、脂肪族化合物和含氮含硫化合物等,具有较好的杀虫、杀菌活性,专一性强,易降解、低残留、不易产生抗药性和环境友好型等特点,有望开发成新型植物源杀虫剂。研究表明,植物精油对害虫具有较高的药效,可通过拒食、趋避、熏蒸、抑制生长发育等方式干扰昆虫行为[2-5,]。除此之外,植物精油对杀虫剂还具有明显的增效作用。比如,萜烯类化合物对某些药物是很好的透皮促进剂,其可能通过破坏害虫的角质层细胞间的脂质屏障及增加药物自水性基质中向角质层的分配[6]。土荆芥、花椒、艾叶、松针、侧柏、黄蒿、艾蒿、侧柏等植物精油与敌百虫、毒死蜱、氟虫腈、阿维菌素、丁硫克百威等不同类型杀虫剂混配联用,显著提高了杀虫剂对小菜蛾幼虫的触杀活性,且这些植物精油对小菜蛾幼虫表皮蜡质层结构具有一定的破坏,还能提高杀虫剂的透皮吸收量[7-9]。

本研究以香樟、土荆芥、黄花蒿、波斯菊、留兰香、蓝冰柏等6种植物精油,研究其对灰茶尺蠖2龄幼虫的触杀活性,同时测定了6种植物精油对98%联苯菊酯杀虫剂的触杀效果的影响,旨在为植物精油在害虫防治中的应用提供理论依據。