阅读理解推断题解题方法

张朝芳

“得阅读者得天下”高考改革之后，篇目稳定在四篇。文本难度依次加大，应用文及记叙文考察学生“小心眼”，科普文议论文考察学生“大智慧”。数据统计，学生在阅读CD篇的全对率仅为53%。从题型区分，推理判断题目出错率最高，为83.6%。如何高效地完成阅读理解题，根据多年的课堂实践，我总结出了以下适合学生的解题方法。1.推理判断类的识别及做题过程中出现的实际问题;如何识别？在阅读理解题设置的问题中，题干如果出现这六个动词，则是判断题。六个动词为：infer （推断）indicate（象征，暗示）imply（暗示）suggest（暗示）conclude（做出结论）assume（假定，设想）推理判断类的识别：It can be inferred from the text that__（2）It can be concluded from the passage that—这两个题型属于推理判断题。那么，在做题过程中，会出现以下问题：推理判断题的错误设置方式：（1）夸大事实：对于原文中的细节或论断的某方面程度进行了夸大处理。（2）无中生有：捏造原文并不存在的信息，并以此作为依据进行推理（3）推理过头：引申过度，使结论过于绝对化。

一、阅读理解题中设置的推理题让学生们推断什么？

自主训练1：

This yearsToy Fair was the biggest in its 111year history more than one thousand toy companies showed products from simple card games to high tech robots. “Larger Than Life”（was a Toy Fair favorite.This trend is all about big toys with a big play value .Though it is all fun and games at Toy Fair ，we saw lots of products making a push towards education ，with STEAM. Than stands for science，technology，engineering，art ，and math .This trend includes word games .And of course，we saw some super cool，high tech games ，“Technology is always going to influence toys ，”says Appell.“This year we saw lots of 3Dgames ，and robots.” To know more information about the event ，click here to watch the video.The text is taken from a_____.

A.Website                B.Newspaper

C.Magazine             D.Textbook

自主練习2：

Read the following directions：“Take two tablets（药片）with water ，followed by one tablet every eight hours ，as required.For maximum （最大量）night-time and early morning relief （缓解疼痛），take two tablets at bed-time.Dont take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours “For children six to twelve years old ，give half the amount for a grownup.For children under six years old ，ask for your doctors advice.Reduce the amount if nervousness，restlessness or sleeplessness occurs.”.This text is most probably taken from a_____.

A.textbook                               B.newsreel

C.doctors notebook               D.bottle of medicine

二、判断文章出处，有以下总结：

文章前面有日期，地点或通讯社名称，则出自于Newspaper.文章中有新产品，新书，新影片，演出介绍，则出自于Advertisement.文章中有click here 等网络用语，则出自于Website.旅游胜地方面的介绍，则出自于Guide.阅读文介绍科普知识，则出自于Science report/Study report.

三、阅读理解中主旨大意题的解替思路与方法

提炼文章的核心思想。

第一步、看各选项。

第二步、看每一自然段的段意（特别是段中第一句话）。

I must have always known reading was very important because the first memories I have as a child deal with books.There was not one night that I dont remember mom reading me a storybook by my bedside .I was extremely inspired by the elegant way the words sounded.I always wanted to know what my mom was reading .Hearing mom say “I cant believe whats printed in the newspaper this morning ”made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it myself.I wanted to be like my mom and know all of the things .She knew .So I carried around a book ，and each night ，just to be like her ，I would pretend to be reading.

This is how everyone learned to read .We would start off with sentences，then. paragraphs，and then stories .It seemed an unending journey，but even as a six-year-old girl I realized that knowing how to read could open progress in reading raised my curiosity ，and I wanted to know everything.I often found myself telling my mom to drive more slowly，so that I could read all of the road signs we passed.

Most of my reading through primary ，middle and high school was factual reading .I read for knowledge，and to make As on my tests.

Yet now that I am growing and the world I once knew is becoming more complex，Ifind myself needing a way to escape.By opening a novel，I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character.

What could be the best title for the passage？

A.The magic of reading.          B.The pleasure of reading.

C.Growing up with reading     D.Reading makes a full man

答案C.從每段第一句话，可判断出全文讲述了作者伴随着阅读的成长。

四、解决阅读理解题，可以用“一定二找三比较”方法。“一定”：通过题干关键词，定位答案区间。“二找”：用定位词在答案区间找信息句。“三比较”：将信息句与选项比较。平时学习注重积累同义词，近义词，反义词和近义结构。阅读文中常常把文中的词汇和结构改头换面，来表达相同的意思。如果学生们积累了足够的词汇量，这类细节题会容易解决的。