历史文化凝名城

文／本刊编辑部

中华民族拥有五千年的悠久历史，创造了辉煌灿烂的华夏文明。在这数千年的历史风云变幻中，曾经诞生过无数个大大小小的城市，有些城市已经被历史的黄沙掩埋，有些则历经千年延续至今。这些青史留名的城市中，有的是古代王朝都城，有的是经济重镇、军事关隘，有的是重大历史事件的见证地……她们都因具有各自鲜明的特色，在中国不同的历史时期各领风骚；她们的一砖一瓦、一草一木，都是历史的见证与传承，弥足珍贵。

1982年，为了保护这些重要城市及其文物古迹免受破坏，“历史文化名城”的概念被正式提出，国务院确定并公布的国家历史文化名城均为保存文物特别丰富、具有重大历史价值或者纪念意义，且正在延续使用的城市。截至2021年11月7日，国务院已将138座城市列为国家历史文化名城。

山东自古以来就是文明礼仪之地，是华夏文明的中心发源地之一，齐鲁文化底蕴深厚。“齐鲁”一名，始于先秦齐、鲁两国。齐鲁文化，确切地说是齐文化和鲁文化的融合。齐文化尚功利，鲁文化重伦理；齐文化讲求革新，鲁文化尊重传统。两种文化在发展中逐渐有机地融合在一起，形成了具有丰富历史内涵的齐鲁文化。齐鲁文化在中华文明传承、发展过程中发挥着承前启后的重要作用，留下灿烂文化和丰富遗产，这也让山东自1982年国务院公布第一批历史文化名城以来，坐拥曲阜、济南、青岛、聊城、邹城、临淄、泰安、蓬莱、烟台、青州10座国家历史文化名城。

济南是全国唯一一座因泉而生的国家级历史文化名城，具有独特的“山泉湖河城”融为一体的风貌特色。图／郭晓娟Jinan is the sole state-level historical and cultural city famous for springs in China,and has the unique feature of integrating “mountains,springs,lakes,rivers and the city”.

有历史故事的城市，未来才会有多彩的生活，“让历史文脉成为支撑城市发展的根”已经成为城市建设和发展不可或缺的重要一环。不少城市经过多方面共同努力，在历史文化名城保护上逐步摸索出了一些行之有效的方法：越来越重视精细化保护措施的落地，在规划编制体系上下功夫；将历史建筑活化利用，“嵌入”城市文化脉络中；充分展示地域文化特色，突破“千城一面”的禁锢。

如今，厚重的历史文化底蕴叠加新兴产业的蓬勃朝气，让这些历经岁月洗礼的古老城市历久弥新，焕发出独特魅力。若您来齐鲁大地游历，可在泰山之巅抒发“一览众山小”的壮志，可在济南体味“家家泉水，户户垂杨”的泉城风貌，亦可在曲阜感受“至今齐鲁遗风在，十万人家尽读书”的文化底蕴，还可在蓬莱阁上吹着海风领略人间仙境的逍遥自在……当然，也可以沿着时间长河逆流而上，在这些城市中寻找中国最古老的文明。

Since ancient times,Shandong has been a land of civilized etiquette,and one of the central cradles of the Chinese civilization,with profound deposits of the Qilu culture.There have been 10 state-level historical and cultural cities in Shandong,namely Qufu,Jinan,Qingdao,Liaocheng,Zoucheng,Linzi,Tai’an,Penglai,Yantai,and Qingzhou since the publication of the first batch of famous historical and cultural cities by the State Council in 1982.

“Making the historical context the root that supports city development” has become an indispensable part of city construction and development.With joint efforts in various aspects,many cities have gradually explored some effective methods in the protection of famous historical and cultural cities:attaching increasing importance to the implementation of fine protection measures,making efforts in system planning;activating and utilizing historic buildings,embedding them into the cul-tural context of a city;fully displaying regional cultural characteristics,and breaking the limitation of “Cities with the Same Images”.

Nowadays,with the superposition of profound cultural and historical deposits and vibrant emerging industries,these old cities seem unfading and radiant with unique charm after going through many years.If you visit the land of Qilu,you may achieve the ambition of“dwarfing all peaks” on the top of Mount Tai;enjoy the landscape of“bubbling springs and weeping willows around every household” in the City of Springs,Jinan;as you sense the cultural deposits—“The legacy of Qilu still remains;numerous households maintain a reading habit”in Qufu;enjoy the free and unrestrained state of fairyland on earth in the sea wind in Penglai Pavilion...Certainly,you may also row against the current along the river of time to seek the oldest Chinese civilization in these cities.