Module 2 Developing and Developed Countries

高考词汇

measure   vt.   测定;测量;评估

educate   vt.   教育;培养;训练

hunger   n.   饥饿

income   n.   收入

human   n. （与动物等对比的）人

goal   n.   目标

position   n.   位置

transport   n.   交通工具

development   n.   发展

figure   n.   数字

freeway   n.   高速公路

similarity   n.   类似;相似

tourism   n.   旅游业

entertainment   n.   娱乐

exchange   n.   交换

crowded   adj.   拥挤的

polluted   adj.   受到污染的

smart   adj.   漂亮的; 整洁的; 时髦的

homeless   adj.   无家可归的

unfortunate   adj.   不幸的; 遗憾的

vast   adj.   巨大的; 庞大的; 浩瀚的

常用短语

at the top of   在……顶端

at the bottom of   在……底部

make effort   努力

be connected with   与……有联系;与……有关

be close to   接近;靠近

up to   直到……;至多……

make progress   取得进步

reduce to   减至

increase by   以……的幅度增加

move out of   脱离;摆脱

be willing to do sth   乐意做某事

as much as   和……一样;多达……

拓展词汇

charity   n.   慈善团体

inhabitant   n.   居民

location   n.   位置;所在地

poverty   n.   贫穷

index   n.   指数

expectancy   n. （根据概率得出的）预期数额

household   n.   一家人; 家庭

industrial   adj.   工业的

过渡词汇

disease   n.   病;疾病

medium   adj.   中等的;中间的

学习使用but，however，although和while表达转折和对比。

We are making progress but we need to make greater progress.

Although developed countries gives some financial help， they need to give much more.

In the last ten years in China， 150 million people moved out of poverty. However， the challenges are still great.

Norway is at the top of the list， while the United States is at Number 7.

词汇短语园地

1. hunger  n.  饥饿

His hunger increases by the hour.

他的饥饿感每时每刻都在增加。

Hunger is often the mother of crime.

饥饿常是犯罪的根源。

vi.  hunger for/after sth/sb  渴望得到某物/人

The whole world hungers for/after peace.

全世界的人都渴望和平。

2. income  n.  收入;收益;所得

Tony lives beyond his income.

托尼的花费超出其收入。

Tourism is a major source of income for the area.

旅游业是这个地区的主要收入来源。

high/low income  高/低收入

live within ones income  量入为出

3. human  n.  人

Dogs can hear much better than humans.

狗的听觉比人灵敏多了。

Wolves will not usually attack humans.

狼通常不会袭击人。

human = human being

adj.  人的;人类的;有人性的

This meat is not fit for human consumption.

这种肉不适合人食用。

He is quite human after all.

他毕竟还是挺人性的。

4. measure  vt.  测定;测量;评估

vi.  有……长（宽、高等）

We measured the distance.

我们测量了距离。

She measured the stranger with her eyes.

她用双眼打量着那个陌生人。

The lake measures 130 by 80 kilometers.

这座湖长130千米，宽80千米。

5. goal  n.  目标

The company has set itself some long-term goals.

公司为整个机构定下一些长期目标。

She pursues the goal of perfection in her art.

在艺术中，她追求完美的目标。

比较：aim，goal，purpose的区别

aim从本义“靶子”引申而来，侧重比较具体而明确的目标，常指短期目标。goal指经过考虑和选择，需经坚持不懈和努力奋斗才能达到的最终目标。purpose指的是一般的“目的”。

Our goal is to build a just and peaceful world.

我们的目标是建立一个公正和平的世界。

My aim is to become a policeman.

我的目标是当一个警察。

What is the purpose of his visit？

他来访的目的是什么？

6. figure  n.  数字（可数名词，通常用作复数）

By 2010， this figure had risen to 14 million.

到2010年为止，这个数字已高达1400万。

Where did you get those figures？

你从哪儿得到那些数字的？

7. position  n.  位置

From his position on the top of the cliff， he had a good view of the harbour.

在悬崖之巅，海港景色一览无余。

Where would be the best position for the lights？

这些灯装在什么位置最好？

in/out of position  在/不在适当的位置

hold a position  担任职务

take up ones position  就位

8. unfortunate  adj.  不幸的;遗憾的

He was unfortunate to lose in the final game.

他不幸在决赛中输了。

Youre putting me in a most unfortunate position.

你正在把我推入一个十分可悲的境地。

n.  不幸的人

unfortunately  adv.  不幸地;遗憾地;可惜地

Unfortunately， he didnt pass the exam.

很遗憾，他考试不及格。

9. similarity  n.  类似;相似

（1） 不可数，表“相像性;相似性”

similarity between A and B  A和B之间的相似性

The report highlights the similarity between the two groups.

这份报告强调两组之间的相似性。

similarity in sth  在……（方面）的相似性

There is some similarity in the way they sing.

他们的演唱方式有点像。

（2） 可数，表“相似点;相像处”

similarity to sb/sth  与……的相似之处

The karate bout has many similarities to a boxing match.

空手道比赛和拳击比赛有许多类似的地方。

She bears a similarity to her mother.

她跟她母亲十分相像。

10. vast  adj.  巨大的;庞大的;浩瀚的

It is a vast desert.

这是一片辽阔的沙漠。

We once had 19 cats at one time. They were a vast burden.

我们一度同时养了十九只猫，它们是一个沉重的负担。

A billion dollars is a vast amount of money.

十亿美元是一笔巨款。

比较：big，large，great，vast，huge的区别

（1） large侧重体积、范围、能力和数量方面的大，往往可以与big互换，但big较口语化。

Our factory is a big/large one.

我们的工厂很大。

在表示物体重量、重要性、长大了时，只能用big。

The box is too big to carry.（不仅体积大，而且很重）

The box is too large to carry.（箱子大，但未必重）

She is big enough to ride a bike.

在表示数量时，用large，不用big。

A large number of people from all parts of the country came to see the exhibition.

从全国各地来了很多人观看展览。

（2） great的意思是“大;伟大的”，多用于抽象意思。在修饰具体事物时，带有一定的感情色彩。

There have been many great presidents in the American history.

美国历史上有很多伟大的总统。

在表示抽象意思时，也可用big，但great更为正式。

Great/Big changes have taken place in our country in recent years.

近几年来，我们国家发生了很大变化。

（3） vast常用来指“广袤无垠的;面积广阔的”。如：a vast forest， a vast sea， a vast desert， vast darkness等。

（4） huge强调体积庞大，容量和数量巨大。如：a huge stone，a huge building等。

11. exchange  n. & v.  交换;互换

We need to promote an open exchange of ideas and information.

我们需要促进思想和信息的公开交流。

Would you like my old TV in exchange for this camera？

你愿意用我的旧电视换这架相机吗？

Ill type your report if you look after children in exchange.

如果你愿意照看孩子，我就帮你打这份报告。

I shook hands and exchanged a few words with the manager.

我和经理握手并说了几句话。

exchange...for...  以……换取……

exchange...with sb  和某人交换

Where can I exchange my dollars for pounds？

我去哪儿可以把美元换成英镑？

Mary exchanged seats with Anne.

玛丽和安妮交换了座位。

12. on the top of  在……顶端

The ice on the top of the Himalayas never breaks up.

喜马拉雅山山顶的冰从来不化。

13. at the bottom of  在……底部

Fill in your address at the bottom of the application form.

把你的地址填在申请表的底部。

14. make effort  努力

If you want to achieve something， you must work hard， make effort and get prepared.

如果你想取得成就，你必须努力工作、艰苦奋斗，时刻准备着。

The local clubs are making every effort to interest more young people.

当地俱乐部正在尽一切努力吸引更多的年轻人。

effort  n.  气力;努力;费力的事（可数）

You should put more effort into your work.

你应该更加努力地工作。

Getting up this morning was quite an effort.

今天早上起床相当费力。

spare no effort  不遗余力

without effort  容易地;不费力地

with （an） effort  努力地;艰难地

15. be connected with  与……有联系;与……有关

He did not like to be connected with the woman who had painted those pictures.

他不想和画那些画的女人接触。

This sentence is not connected with the context.

这句话与上下文没有联系。

16. be close to  接近;靠近

He is close to being a genius.  他差不多是个天才了。

The population of the city is close to a million.

这个城市的人口接近一百万。

比较：close和closely的区别

close作副词时，意为“靠近;接近”，表示实际距离很近;closely意为“紧密地;密切地”，表达的是一种抽象的“近”。

The children sat close together.

孩子们靠紧坐在一起。

The two events are closely connected.

这两件事有密切的联系。

17. up to  直到……;至多……

Up to four people can live in this room.

这间房里最多能住四个人。

Andrew has worked hard up to now.

安德鲁一直努力工作到现在。

（1） be up to = be busy doing  忙于

What are you up to？  你在忙什么？

（2） be up to sb to do sth  由某人负责做某事

Its up to us to help those in need.

我们有责任帮助那些有困难的人。

up-to-date 现代的;包含最新信息的

18. be willing to do sth  乐意做某事

Are you willing to help？

你乐意帮忙吗？

He is willing to help me with my English.

他很乐意帮我学英语。

表达“乐意做某事”的多种用法

be ready to do sth; be glad to do sth

be delighted to do sth; be happy to do sth

19. as much as  和……一样;多达……

You can eat as much as you like.

你爱吃多少就吃多少。

I spent as much as 100 dollars today.

今天我花了一百美元。

跟踪导练（一）

阅读理解

To protect you and your fellow passengers， the Transportation Security （安全） Administration （TSA） is required by law to check all checked baggage. As part of this process， some bags are opened and checked. Your bag was among those selected for check.

During the check， your bag and its contents may have been searched for items forbidden by law such as fireworks， fuels， gunpowder， etc. At the completion of the check， the contents were returned to your bag， which was resealed （重新封口） with a “special” lock.

If the TSA screener was unable to open your bag for check because it was locked， the screener may have been forced to break the locks on your bag. TSA sincerely regrets having to do this， and has taken care to reseal your bag upon completion of check. However， TSA is not liable for damage to your locks resulting from this necessary security precaution （预防措施）.

For packing tips and other suggestions that may assist you during your next trip， visit： WWW.TSATravelTips.us.

We appreciate your understanding and cooperation. If you have questions， comments， or concerns， please feel free to contact the Transportation Security Administration Consumer Response Center：

Phone： toll-free at （866） 289-9673

Email： TellTSA@tas.dot.gov

1. The passage is most probably written to those who ___ .

A. left their baggage unlocked

B. refused to check their baggage

C. had their baggage selected for checking

D. kept some damaged items in their baggage

2. The underlined word “liable” means “ ___ ”.

A. suitable B. changeable

C. responsible D. valuable

3. If someone wants packing tips， he can visit ___ .

A .TellTSA@tas.dot.gov

B. TSA Consumer Response Center

C. toll-free at （866） 289-9673

D. WWW.TSATravelTips.us

4. What the purpose of writing the passage？

A.To introduce the security acts.

B. To tell people about baggage check.

C. To advise people to take baggage check.

D. To warn against the damage of the baggage.

选词填空

从下列方框里10个单词中选择8个适当单词的正确形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每个单词只使用一次。

hunger expectancy top income poverty

progress develop human bottom expression

1. The ____ children were impatient for their meal.

2. The average ____ in some of those countries is only 250 dollars a year.

3. Great men have often risen from ____ —Lincoln and Edison， for example.

4. With the ____ of our countrys economy， we are living a better life.

5. A（n） ____ can talk and think， but an animal cannot.

6. He ____ no return when he decided to give us full support.

7. We have made some ____ towards reaching an agreement.

8. But unfortunately， a lot of our packages ended up those days at the ____ of the Atlantic.

句子翻译

1. 那条船在海底躺了有二百年了。

2. 你们测量了那两幢楼之间的距离了吗？

3. 在这一页的顶部写下你的姓名、地址和电话号码。

4. 医生们正在尽一切努力抢救那个男孩。

单项选择

1. Id like to study law at university， ___ my cousin prefers geography.

A. though B. as

C. while D. however

2. The price has risen ___ 20 percent in the last few months.

A. to B. by

C. at D. in

3. — When did you last hear ___ Jay？

— He phoned me this morning， and we agreed ___ a time

and place to meet.

A. of; to B. about; with

C. from; with D. from; on

4. My mother encourages me ___ great progress in my English.

A. make B. making

C. to making D. to make

5. — Whats that noise？

— Oh， I forgot to tell you. The new machine ___ .

A. was tested B. will be tested

C. is being tested D. has been tested

6. They have completed up ___ 85% of the project so far.

A. at B. to

C. for D. by

7. Where ___ little Tom be now？ I wonder what he ___ .

A. can; is up to B. must; is up to

C. may; is doing D. should; is doing

8. The story is ___ most interesting. I think it is ___ best to be translated into English.

A. the; / B. the; the

C. /; / D. /; the

9. Move ___ of my way so that I can get in the room.

A. in B. out

C. away D. aside

10. — Shall we meet at 6：00 or at 7：00？

— ___ .

A. Any time is ok B. At any time

C. Yes， at 6：00 D. Well， either time will do

跟踪导练（二）

选词填空

从下列方框里10个单词中选择8个适当单词的正确形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每个单词只使用一次。

position figure educate development conclusion

measure similar crowd goal geographical

1. By what standard do you ____ it？

2. You should ____ your children to behave well.

3. The national employment ____ are published every month.

4. One often has to work hard to achieve ones ____ .

5. Can you show me the ____ of the school on the map？

6. ____ shops are a happy hunting-ground for pick-pockets.

7. ____ methods are used in advisory work in the Netherlands.

8. Africa is the least ____ region in higher education in the world.

句子翻译

1. 荷兰居世界最富有的国家之中。

2. 我们正忙着学习，而他们在做饭。

3. 不过，关于这架飞机最使人吃惊的事情是它可以在任何地方着陆。（however）

4. 尽管他还是个孩子，但是他能说英语。

单项选择

1. He likes dancing. He cant dance very well， ___ .

A. but B. however

C. although D. instead

2. Although its raining， ___ are still working in the fields.

A. they B. but they

C. and they D. while they

3. For a person with reading habits， a printed page contains not only words ___ ideas， thoughts and feelings.

A. yet B. and

C. or D. but

4. I love games， and I used to play forward ___ on the school basketball team.

A. role B. place

C. position D. location

5. The plan to set up a new branch in Hainan was finally dropped， because the members didnt agree ___ who and how to operate it.

A. about B. with

C. to D. of

6. — How can I wake up so early？

— Set the alarm for 5 oclock， ___ youll make it.

A. although B. or

C. and D. so

7. Its really very dangerous. One more step， ___ the baby will fall into the well.

A. or B. so

C. and D. but

8. I ___ that all windows are shut. I did it.

A. make sure B. am sure

C. make clear D. am clear

9. What ___ surprise you gave us by wearing such funny ___ at so serious a meeting！

A. /; clothes B. /; clothing

C. a; clothing D. a; clothes

10. — Do you mind if I practise playing the piano here？

— ___ .

A. No， please dont B. I dont want you to

C. Im afraid I dont D. Id rather you didnt

完形填空

There once was a young monk （僧侣） who was building a brick    1   . He took great care in    2    the bricks. He worked and worked. His progress was    3   ， due to the great care in his work， but he was    4    .

Finally， the day came when he    5   his wall. But    6    he stood back and admired the fruit of his labor， something    7    his eyes and made him very    8   . Despite the great care he took in his work， somehow， he had overlooked two bricks were laid slanted （倾斜的）. Worst of all， the bricks were right in the centre of the wall. Since then， whenever    9    came to the temple， the young monk would    10    them around to all places， except the brick wall that he had built.

One day， two elderly monks came to the temple. No matter

11    the young monk tried to detour （绕路） to    12    the ugly brick wall， the elderly monks insisted on touring the area    13    that brick wall.    14   ， the young monk brought his elders to the brick wall.

“Oh， this is such a（n）   15    brick wall！” one of the elderly monks commented.

“Are you    16   ？ Havent you seen the two ugly bricks in the middle of the wall？” the young monk asked in    17   .

“Yes， I have，” replied the elderly monk.

“But I also saw the remaining 98 good bricks that    18    this a beautiful wall！”

You see， most of the time， we focus on things that went    19   . Weve forgotten the fact that there are only two bad bricks in the wall and we should not overlook the    20    of the remaining 98 bricks.

1. A. wall B. house C. temple D. roof

2. A. moving B. measuring C. laying D. burning

3. A. wonderful B. great C. slow D. high

4. A. smart B. exhausted C. pleased D. bored

5. A. constructed B. designed C. completed D. built

6. A. unless B. once C. as D. until

7. A. covered B. caught C. brightened D. hurt

8. A. angry B. sick C. proud D. interested

9. A. friends B. visitors C. monks D. leaders

10. A. show B. turn C. lead D. follow

11. A. when B. where C. how D. what

12. A. leave B. avoid C. forget D. visit

13. A. in B. around C. across D. by

14. A. Unfortunately B. Unwillingly C. Hopelessly D. Foolishly

15. A. ancient B. ugly C. thick D. beautiful

16. A. clear B. ready C. right D. sure

17. A. excitement B. surprise C. kindness D. happiness

18. A. made B. helped C. became D. changed

19. A. well B. wrong C. smooth D. good

20. A. part B. location C. existence D. beauty

跟踪导练（三）

选词填空

从下列方框里10个单词中选择8个适当单词的正确形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每个单词只使用一次。

connect tourism household industry homeless

crowd inhabitant similarity audience landscape

1. May I speak to the head of your ____ .

2. The kind old lady offered to take in the poor ____ stranger.

3. Nearly everyone knows that Japan is a（n） ____ country.

4. Every ____ of this planet must protect the environment against pollution.

5. There is a wonderful ____ between the twins.

6. She rarely spoke， and she had no ____ with the world.

7. The shipbuilding ____ of the south is rapidly expanding.

8. The restaurants regular customers are being crowded out by ____ .

句子翻译

1. 这里的汽车比我们城市的少。

2. 她挣的钱比我挣的少。

3. 我迟到了，不过幸好他们还没离开。

4. 约翰的英语书没有汤姆的多。

单项选择

1. Its not easy for us to reach that level because of our countrys     ___ population.

A. huge B. vast

C. much D. big

2. The boy had no food to eat， so he drank a lot of water to ___ hunger.

A. replace B. lose

C. reduce D. ban

3. — What do you want to do next？ We have half an hour until the

basketball game begins.

— ___ .

A. It just depends B. Its up to you

C. All right D. Glad to hear that

4. In the dark forests ___ ， some large enough to hold several English towns.

A. stand many lakes B. lie many lakes

C. many lakes lie D. many lakes stand

5. John said he would pay ___ second visit to China ___ next month.

A. the; / B. the; the

C. a; the D. a; /

6. Its really unbelievable！ Can you ___ her swimming across the English Channel？

A. believe B. imagine

C. mind D. think

7. He said his answer was right; in fact， he was mistaken， ___ .

A. either B. however

C. although D. as well

8. — Shall we have our picnic tomorrow？

— ___ it doesnt rain.

A. Until B. While

C. Once D. If

9. — Somebody wants you on the phone.

— ___ no one knows Im here.

A. For B. And

C. But D. So

10. The children loved their day trip， and they enjoyed the horse riding ___ .

A. little B. most

C. more D. less

阅读表达（阅读下面短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。）

The Taj Mahal is a love story， a sad and beautiful one. If it didnt exist， we would easily imagine that the story of its construction was simply a fairy tale.

Three hundred years ago， there lived an Indian emperor called Shah Jahan. His wife was a beautiful and bright woman whom he loved greatly. Her title was Mumtazl Mahan： its shortened form Taj Mahan means “pride of the palace”. In the year 1630 this beloved wife of the emperor died. He was so brokenhearted that he thought of giving up his throne. He decided out of his love for his wife， to build her the most beautiful tomb that had ever been seen.

He called in the best artists and architects from India， Turkey， Persia and Arabia and finally， the design was complete. It took more than twenty thousand men working over a period of 18 years to build the Taj Mahal， one of the most beautiful buildings in the world.

The building itself stands on a marble （大理石） platform 29 meters square and 6-7 meters high. Towers rise from each of the four corners. The Taj itself soars another 61 meters into the air. It is an eight-sided building made of white marble.

The emperor planned to build an identical tomb of black marble for himself on the other side of the river connected by a silver bridge. However， his son put him into a prison in the palace before he could finish， and for the rest of his life， he could only gaze across river at the tomb of his beloved wife.

1. Where is the Taj Mahal？ （no more than 2 words）

2. For whom was the Taj Mahal built？ （no more than 4 words）

3. How long did it take to build the Taj Mahal （no more than 3 words）

4. What was the Taj Mahal made of ？ （no more than 6 words）

5. Why couldnt the emperor build the same tomb for himself？ （no more than 8 words）

跟踪导练（四）

阅读理解

When I was about 12， I had an enemy， a girl who liked to point out my shortcomings. Week by week her list grew： I was very thin， I wasnt a good student， I talked too much， I was too proud， and so on. I tried to hear all this as long as I could. At last， I became very angry. I ran to my father with tears in my eyes.

He listened to me quietly， then he asked， “Are the things she says true or not？ Janet， didnt you ever wonder what youre really like？ Well， you now have that girls opinion. Go and make a list of everything she said and mark the points that are true. Pay no attention to the other things she said.”

I did as he told me. To my great surprise， I discovered that about half the things were true. Some of them I couldnt change （like being very thin）， but a good number I could—and suddenly I wanted to change. For the first time I went to fairly clear picture of myself.

I brought the list back to Daddy. He refused to take it. “Thats just for you，” he said. “You know better than anyone else the truth about yourself. But you have to learn to listen， not just close your ears in anger and feeling hurt. When something said about you is true， youll find it will be of help to you. Our world is full of people who think they know your duty. Dont shut your ears. Listen to them all， but hear the truth and do what you know is the right thing to do.”

Daddys advice has returned to me at many important moments. In my life， Ive never had a better piece of advice.

1. What did the father do after he had heard the writers complaint？

A. He told her not to pay any attention.

B. He refused to take the list and have a look at it.

C. He told her to pay attention only to the things that were true.

D. He criticized （批评） her and told her to overcome her shortcomings.

2. What does the underlined sentence mean？

A. The “enemy” wrote down a longer list.

B. The writers shortcomings grew more serious.

C. The “enemy” discovered more shortcomings.

D. The writer was having more shortcomings as time went on.

3. Why did the writers father listen to the child quietly？

A. He wasnt quite sure which girl was telling the truth.

B. He knew that his daughter would not listen to him.

C. He believed that what the “enemy” said was mostly true.

D. He was so angry with her shortcomings that he wanted to keep silent.

4. Which do you think would be the best title for this passage？

A. My Father

B. My Childhood

C. The Best Advice Ive Ever Had

D. Not an Enemy， but the Best Friend

选词填空

从下列方框里10个单词中选择8个适当单词的正确形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每个单词只使用一次。

smart locate vast exchange transport

entertainment pollute fortunate complex destroy

1. It is ____ that the weather is so bad.

2. First， we must decide on the ____ of our new swimming pool.

3. Id like to go to the concert but Ive no ____ .

4. The ____ water made many people sick.

5. He looks so ____ in that suit！

6. Frequent cultural ____ will certainly help develop friendly relations between our two universities.

7. He fell in the water， much to the ____ of the children.

8. It contained a（n） ____ number of letters in great disorder.

句子翻译

1. 今年他们生产的相机数量增加了30%。

2. 我认为他与这事密切相关。

3. 我拿三本书换你的一张电影票。

4. 她努力学习，结果轻松地通过了考试。

单项选择

1. Please ___ his true name in every way.

A. find out B. look for

C. go over D. look over

2. A lot of people tried， but ___ succeeded.

A. many B. more

C. a few D. few

3. More natural resources should be made use of ___ the ___ need of energy.

A. meeting; increasing B. to meet; increased

C. meeting; increased D. to meet; increasing

4. Walk close ___ it and try to see if it is connected ___ our network.

A. with; to B. to; about

C. to; with D. with; about

5. — Are you sure Nick will help us if we are in trouble？

— ___ . He is a reliable friend.

A. It doesnt matter B. Dont take it to heart

C. You can count on it D. No problem

6. What ___ surprise！ He has won the game without making great ___ .

A. a; progress B. the; effort

C. a; effort D. /; progress

7. The earths climate will warm up over the next 50 to 100 years ___ it has warmed up since the Ice Age.

A. as much as B. as well as

C. as long as D. as soon as

8. Let Harry play with your toys as well. Clare， you must learn to ___ .

A. support B. care

C. give D. share

9. Good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity ___ he reaches the end of the story.

A. when B. after

C. unless D. until

10. In my opinion， success should not be ___ by how much money you have.

A. added B. measured

C. decided D. affected

全球粮食浪费触目惊心

Food Wasting

The food the world wastes accounts for more greenhouse gas emissions than any country except for China and the United States， the United Nations said in a report entitled The Food Wastage Footprint.

联合国粮农组织（FAO）发布题为《粮食浪费足迹》的报告称，全球粮食浪费产生的温室气体排放，超过中国和美国以外其他任何国家的排放量。

Every year about a third of all food for human consumption， around 1.3 billion tons， is wasted， along with all the energy， water and chemicals needed to produce it and dispose of it.

全球每年约有1/3的粮食被浪费，浪费量大约为13亿吨。与此同时，生产和处理粮食所需的能源、水和化学制品也被浪费。

Almost 30 percent of the worlds farmland， and a volume of water equivalent to the annual discharge of the River Volga， are in effect being used in vain.

全球几乎有30%的农田和相当于俄罗斯伏尔加河年流量的水资源被白白消耗。

In its report， the FAO estimated that the carbon footprint of wasted food was equivalent to 3.3 billion tons of carbon dioxide per year.

联合国粮农组织在报告中预测，粮食浪费产生的碳足迹，相当于每年排放33亿吨二氧化碳。

If it were a country， it would be the worlds third biggest emitter after China and the United States， suggesting that more efficient food use could contribute substantially to global efforts to cut greenhouse gases to limit global warming.

如果把粮食浪费造成的碳排放看成一个国家，那么则是继中国和美国之后的全球第三大温室气体排放国。这表明更有效地使用粮食，将能为减少温室气体排放以抑制气候变暖做出巨大贡献。

In the industrialized world， much of the waste comes from consumers buying too much and throwing away what they do not eat. In developing countries， it is mainly the result of inefficient farming and a lack of proper storage facilities.

在工业发达国家，多数粮食浪费与消费者购买太多食物、把没吃的食物扔掉有关。在发展中国家，农业效率低且缺乏适当的存储设施，是造成粮食浪费的主要原因。

“Food wastage reduction would not only avoid pressure on scarce natural resources but also decrease the need to raise food production by 60 percent in order to meet the 2050 population demand，”the FAO said.

“减少浪费食物，不仅能避免因稀缺的自然资源减少产生的压力，还能减轻需要提高粮食生产水平60%才能满足2050年的人口需求的压力，”联合国粮农组织称。

It suggested improving communication between producers and consumers to manage the supply chain more efficiently， as well as investing more in harvesting， cooling and packaging methods.

报告建议提高生产者和消费者之间的沟通，更有效地管理供应链，以及更多地投资于收获、冷却和包装方法。

It also said consumers in the developed world should be encouraged to serve smaller portions and make more use of leftovers. Businesses should give surplus food to charities， and develop alternatives to dumping organic waste in landfill.

该报道还说，在发达国家的消费者应鼓励、服务弱势群体，更多地利用剩余粮食。企业应该捐给慈善机构剩余食品，开发替代食品以及有机废物倒入垃圾填埋场。

The FAO estimated the cost of the wasted food， excluding fish and seafood， at about $750 billion a year， based on producer prices.

联合国粮农组织估算，基于生产者价格，不包括鱼和海鲜，一年所浪费粮食的经济损失约为7500亿美元。

The wasted food consumes about 250 cubic km of water and takes up about 1.4 billion hectares—much of it diverse natural habitat that has been cleared to make it arable.

被浪费的粮食所消耗的水约2.5亿方，耕地约1.4亿公顷——其中大部分是已被破坏的多样化的自然生态栖息地。