英语作文的常见语言错误举例

张波

多数同学写的作文要点很全面，但是由于部分同学英语语言基础知识不扎实，语言不规范，也往往失分严重。最突出的语言错误有以下几种：

1.主谓一致错误

主谓一致指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致、意义一致和就近原则，但有些考生常常会忽略这方面的问题，根据自己的感觉进行判断，从而导致主谓不一致。

误：Qianmen Street，a famous one in Beijing， have a history of 600 years.

正：Qianmen Street，a famous one in Beijing， has a history of 600 years.

誤：My hobby is widespread， which include drawing， collecting stamps and so on.

正：My hobby is widespread， which includes drawing， collecting stamps and so on.

误：Dr. Smith， together with his wife， are to arrive on the evening flight.

正：Dr. Smith， together with his wife， is to arrive on the evening flight.

2.时态，语态错误

由于汉语中动词没有时态形式上的变化，许多考生在用英语表达时受汉语影响缺乏时态的概念，故时态错误随处可见。此外，考生也容易弄错名词与动词之间的主动、被动关系，从而造成语态的误用。

误：In the morning， we had bicycled in the suburbs to plant trees.

正：In the morning， we bicycled in the suburbs to plant trees.

误：It is high time that we do something to reduce pollution.

正：It is high time that we did something to reduce pollution

误：One day l told Mr. Wang， my maths teacher， was….

正：One day l was told Mr. Wang， my maths teacher， was….

误：Children who raise in poor families can generally deal with problems more effectively in their adult years.

正：Children who are raised in poor families can generally deal with problems more effectively in their adult years.

3.句子成分残缺

一般来讲，一个完整的句子应具有主语部分和谓语部分，表达出一个完整的意思。如果写出的句子缺乏主语和谓语就无法表达一个完整的意思，这样的句子就是残缺的句子。

误：if no self-confidence， all our dreams would merely daydreams.

正：if we had no self-confidence， all our dreams would be merely daydreams.

误：Our library in the center of the school.

正：Our library is in the center of the school.

4.用词不当

用词不当是指对词语理解不清，容易在词性与词义范围大小、感情色彩等方面使用不当；也可指对词汇的应用理解不清，造成应用形式错误。特别是近义词、关联词用错会造成病句。

误：Doing a part-time job always effects study.

正：Doing a part-time job always affects study.

误：During my summer vacation，I spent half a month in the country and played very happy.

正：During my summer vacation，I spent half a month in the country and played very happily.

误：As a matter of fact， we all against all forms of terrorist activities.

正：As a matter of fact， we are all against all forms of terrorist activities.

5.句子粘连

句子粘连是指两个或两个以上的独立分句没有适当的标点符号或连接词连接的句子。

误：There are many students don't support the project.

正：There are many students who don't support the project.

误：The two tourists are sightseeing in a boat， they are littering into the water.

正：While they are sightseeing in a boat， the two tourists are littering into the water.

误：On the other hand， dogs are our best friends， bring us a lot of fun.

正：On the other hand， dogs are our best friends， which/and bring us a lot of fun.

误：There were so many people waiting to get a ticket the hall was increasingly crowded.

正：There were so many people waiting to get a ticket that the hall was increasingly crowded.

6.中式英语

中式英语是受汉语语言或思维影响而产生的不地道英语。在词汇层面、惯用法层面、句子层面都有不同程度的中式英语出现。举一个典型的例子，曾经有人把“好好学习，天天向上”翻译为“Goodgood study， day day up"。

误：There are two boys are waiting for you.

正：There are two boys waiting for you.

误：At this school studying，l really very happy.

正：Studying at this school，l am really very happy.

误： All the students had started reading English before l didn't get up.

正：All the students had started reading English before I got up.

7.平行错误

在平行结构中，两个或两个以上的并列成分（并列单词、短语或分句）必须用等同的语法形式表达出来，否则平行结构会受到破坏。保证结构平行的关键是找到平衡点，前后语法形式须保持一致。

误：Crawling down a mountain is sometimes harder than we climb up.

正：Crawling down a mountain is sometimes harder than climbing up.

误：You'II get a good score if you study hard and by using good method.

正：You'II get a good score if you study hard and use good method.

误：Then l put my book under my desk， opening it and started looking for the answer.

正：Then l put my book under my desk， opened it and started looking for the answer.

8.悬垂错误

悬垂错误是指充当状语（往往在句首）的分词、不定式或介词短语与句子的主语不能形成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。此类错误考生自己不易发现，属于隐性错误。

误：To win the game， many risks must be taken.

正：To win the game， you must take many risks.

误：Written in a hurry， we found the book full of mistakes.

正：Written in a hurry， the book was found full of mistakes

误：In order to improve English， Jenny's father bought her a lot of tapes.

正：In order to improve English， Jenny asked her father to buy her a lot of tapes

9.赘词

由于英汉表达的不同，像汉语可以说“再重复一遍”，但相对应的英语却不能说repeat again again就是赘词，此类错误在考生写作中也是比比皆是。

误：At last， the lost boy returned back.

正：At last， the lost boy returned.

误：On one day， he went to the cinema.

正：One day， he went to the cinema.

誤：1 went for fishing with my father last Sunday.

正：I went fishing with my father last Sunday.

10.单词拼写和词形变化错误在书面表达中，这是最常见的一种错误，这是考生不注意积累的结果。有些考生虽然重视积累，

但落笔时经常会眼高手低，最常用且不容易出错的单词往往就拼错了。

误：Our English teacher is friendly but very strick with us students.

正：Our English teacher is friendly but very strict with us students.

误：The car hitted the old man and drived away.

正：The car hitted old man and drove away.

误：People throwed cans， paper， bags and so on into the river water.

正：People threw cans， paper， bags and so on into the river water.@——@——@——@——@——@——@～—@——@——@——@——@——@——@——@——@——@——

那么，如何避免上述错误呢？要避免上述低级错误，应注意以下两点。

1.确定主语……

英语句子无论多长都有自己的主语（祈使句省略了主语you）。动手写句子前首先要确定主语，其次要特别注意汉语与英语的区别。注意：

（1）汉语中的主语不一定是英文中的主语。

北京八月多雨。英语中不说“Beijing rains much in August.”而说“lt rains much in Beijing in August.”

（1）英语中主谓语有时需要倒装，汉语则不需要。

Only then did l realize how important it is to study English.

2.确定谓语动词…

………

英文中没有动词就构不成句子，但英语动词干变万化，稍不注意就会写错。在写句子时应特别注意以下几个方面：

（1）注意及物与不及物动词的正确运用；

（2）注意非延续性动词的用法；

（3）注意一些不可用作被动语态的动詞；

（4）注意一些动词的特殊用法；

（5）注意那些汉译意思相同实际用法不同的词； （6）注意动词的时态及时态的一致。