糖皮质激素类药物的用药误区及合理用药分析

2019-07-29 01:25葛选国
健康必读·下旬刊 2019年7期
关键词:糖皮质激素合理用药不良反应

葛选国

【摘 要】目的:探讨糖皮质激素类药物的用药误区及合理用药。方法:从我院2018年开具的处方中抽取400例涉及糖皮质激素类药物的处方,观察患者用药后的不良反应情况,并对出现不良反应的处方包括药物品种、用量、用途等进行分析,判断是否合理。结果:处方中糖皮质激素主要应用在呼吸科、儿科、皮肤科、风湿免疫科、骨科、普外科等。共有14例患者用药后出现较为严重的不良反应,占3.5%,对处方进行分析,主要存在的问题包括将糖皮质激素替代抗生素或退热剂来使用、用药剂量过多、疗程过长、一些慢性病中滥用以及和处方中存在和糖皮质激素相互作用的药物等。结论:糖皮质激素类药物是临床常用药,但如果用药不当反而会产生较大的不良反应,因此在临床用药时,应当充分结合患者的临床症状、疾病类型、致病成因,合理开具糖皮质激素类药物的治疗方案。

【关键词】糖皮质激素;用药误区;合理用药;不良反应

abstract objective: to explore the medication errors and rational use of glucocorticoid hormone drugs. Methods: 400 prescriptions involving glucocorticoid drugs were selected from the prescriptions issued by our hospital in 2018, and the adverse reactions of patients were observed. The prescriptions with adverse reactions, including drug varieties, dosage and USES, were analyzed to determine whether they were reasonable. Results: glucocorticoid was mainly used in respiratory department, pediatrics department, dermatology department, rheumatology and immunology department, orthopaedics department and general surgery department. 14 patients appeared more severe adverse reactions of the medicine, accounted for 3.5%, analysis of prescription, the main existing problems including will replace antibiotics and antipyretic to glucocorticoid use, dosage, treatment is too long, too much abuse in some chronic diseases and and prescription and glucocorticoids exist in the interaction of drugs, etc. Conclusion: glucocorticoid drugs are commonly used in clinical practice. However, improper use of glucocorticoid drugs will lead to relatively large adverse reactions. Therefore, in the clinical use of glucocorticoid drugs, the treatment scheme of glucocorticoid drugs should be rationally prescribed based on the patients clinical symptoms, disease types and pathogenic causes.

key words glucocorticoid; Medication errors; Rational drug use; Adverse reactions

【中圖分类号】R977【文献标识码】A【文章编号】1672-3783(2019)07-03--01

糖皮质激素类药物是临床常用药物,具有抗休克、抗感染与抗毒素等治疗效果,目前已得到广泛应用,但此类药物的不良反应问题较为突出,如果治疗方案不合理,将可能导致如感染加重、合用药物的药效降低、药物拮抗、钾流失过量、消化道出血甚至更为严重的副作用【1】。故十分有必要明确糖皮质激素类药物的常见用药误区,并加以改进,实现合理用药。基于此,本文研究就从我院2018年开具的处方中抽取400份涉及糖皮质激素类药物的处方,开展相关临床研究,现具体报道如下。

1 治疗和方法

1.1 一般资料

从我院2018年开具的处方中抽取400份涉及糖皮质激素类药物的处方,其中男性226例,女性174例,年龄4-82岁,平均(51.02±2.86)岁。分布:儿科96例,普外科9例,骨科52例,呼吸科78例,风湿免疫科76例,皮肤科84例,其他5例。

1.2 方法

观察患者用药后的不良反应情况,并对出现不良反应的处方包括药物品种、用量、用途等进行分析,主要从适应证、用量、疗程、配伍等方面判断处方是否合理。

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