巧用连接词，衔接更自然

【热身训练】

句型转换，在第2、3两句填入适当连接词（不改变句意）。

1. Studying hard， you will succeed.

2.____________you study hard， you will succeed.

3. Study hard，____________you will succeed.

答案：第一句是简单句，其中Studying hard 是现在分词短语用作条件状语，所以第二句If用来引导条件状语从句;第三句是祈使句加上简单句，因此用and来连接两个并列句。

【娓娓道来】

听说读写是英语的四项基本技能，其中写作是最重要的输出方式。一篇好的英语作文必须做到：内容充实、过渡自然、思路清晰、行文连贯。这就需要我们写作中用上一些连接词和过渡词来增加作文的连贯性和流畅性。

连接词就如同竹子的竹节，没有了它，竹子就不能节连节、节生枝、枝生叶。没有连接词的语篇，犹如断了节的竹子，文章的结构和语言失去了逻辑化，读者看到的只是独立的句子个体，不知作者所言要点，更别提抓取文章主题去加以理解和应用了。

高考写作评分标准明确要求：“能有效地使用语句间的连接成分，全篇文章结构紧凑，思维清晰。”同学们如果较好地掌握关联词语，就能快速有效地抓住关键句并予以突破。在书面表达中，能恰当地使用各类关联词，文章就有如行云流水般流畅。现将中学生应该掌握的连接词简单归纳为如下几类：

1. 表起始的连接词有：to begin with， first of all， according to， so far， as far as 等。

2. 表时间的连接词有：first / firstly， second / secondly， nowadays， at present， recently， currently， in the meantime， at the same time， for the first time， ever since， while， shortly after， after that， after a while， afterward， later， next， the next moment， before long， in the future，finally， at last， in the end， eventually等。

3. 表空间的连接词有：on the right / left， to the right / left of， on one side of... on the other side of...， at the foot / top / end of， at the bottom of， on top of， in the middle / center of， in front of， in the front of， at the back of， on the edge of， opposite to， close to， near to， next to， further on （再往前） 等。

4. 表因果的连接词有：thanks to， because （of），due to， as a result（of...）， with the help of...， owing to...， for this reason， since， accordingly， therefore， hence， as a consequence （of）， in consequence， consequently， so， so that， therefore， thus， on account of等。

5. 表轉折的过渡语有：however，but， otherwise， on the contrary / contrary to...， though， for one thing... for another...， yet， nevertheless， after all， in fact等。

6. 表让步的连接词有：though， although， while （位于句首）， as （倒装）， in spite of， despite， even if， even though， no matter + （who / what / when / where...）， who / what / when where... + ever等。

7. 表例证和列举的连接词有：for example， take...as an example， for instance， that is to say， that is， as a matter of fact， namely， for instance， such as， like， as follows， in other words， and so on等。

8. 表并列的连接词有and， or， as well as， both...and...， not only...but （also）， including， either... or...， not...but...， including等。

9. 表递进的连接词有：whats more， furthermore， moreover， in addition， as well as， besides， apart from this， nor， not only...but also， too， on the one hand...on the other hand...， for one thing...for another， worse still， to make matters worse等。

10. 表强调的连接词有：especially， particularly， notably， indeed， at least， at the most， in the world / on earth， not at all， in particular， chiefly， in detail， mainly等。

11. 表态度的连接词有：fortunately， luckily， unfortunately， undoubtedly， admittedly， certainly， oddly， oddly enough， strangely enough等。

12. 表解释说明的连接词：that is， that is to say， in other words， and so on， and the like等。

13. 表总结用语有：in conclusion， to conclude， to sum up， overall， in short， in summary， briefly / in brief; generally speaking， in a word， as you know， as is known to all等。

【当堂巩固】

Underline all the linking words and write them under the correct headings in the table below.

Today， many developing countries are heavily in debt. In fact， most of them have debts that can never be paid. During the 1970s and 1980s， many developing countries borrowed money from developed countries. However， very high interest rates have created a situation where countries in the developing world now spend $13 on debt repayment for every $1 that they received. Therefore， these countries will never be able to repay the money. As a result， these countries are always struggling to catch up on their repayments; government finances that could be spent on health， education and longterm development are instead used for debt repayment. This means that a countrys debt weakens its development.

Moreover， as debt continues to rise， poverty will remain a problem in developing countries. To stop the rise of debt， the World Development Movement is campaigning for rich countries to cancel debts owed by developing countries. The WDM is working hard， but developing world debt is still a problem. As long as these debts remain， developing countries will feel the economic squeeze， and they will be unable to focus on longterm development to end poverty.

Time sequenceCause and effectContrastingAdditionOther

【牛刀小試】

Put the following sentences in the correct order to form a welldeveloped paragraph. Write the letters in the boxes below.

1. Another way to improve your listening comprehension is to watch English news programmes on TV or to listen to English radio programmes.

2. Today， I would like to tell you about different ways to study English.

3. I have been doing all these things， so I have made great progress in learning English.

4. Besides focusing on listening and writing skills， you should also take every opportunity to speak English in and after class.

5. Second， you may find it helpful to watch English films， as it can help you practice your English listening， and it makes listening English a lot more interesting.

6. For example， you can read articles in an English newspaper like China Daily.

7. First， you should be sure to read something in English every day.

8. Third， you should work on your English writing by doing something like keeping a diary in English or writing to an Englishspeaking penfriend.

9. In this way， you can use English every day and improve your fluency.

10. However， if newspapers do not interest you， you may choose a novel that appears to you and read one or two pages everyday.

→ → → → → → → → →

參考答案

当堂巩固

Time sequenceCause and effectContrastingAdditionOther

today;

during the 1970s and 1980s; astherefore;

as a resulthowever;

instead;

butmoreoverin fact; as long as; still

牛刀小试

2→7→6→10→5→1→8→4→9→3

（作者：钱静，泰州市第三高级中学）