Gimme Sugar

Hatty Liu

Sugar-making in Longyan， Fujian province， is the sweetest job in town

在福建龍岩的村庄里，延续着上千年的古法红糖制作工艺，过程费力，但成果也格外甜蜜

In the era of UNESCO and social media， every town and hamlet in China is scrambling to revive traditional handicrafts to claim as their “intangible cultural heritage.” But the villages of Zhuotian town in Longyan， Fujian province， have everyone beat with the sweetest tradition of all—the ancient method of making brown sugar with freshly cut sugarcane， a roaring fire， and lotsof taste tests.

Sugarcanes have been grown in China since at least the Warring States period （475 – 221 BCE）. In the Tang dynasty （618 – 907）， Buddhist pilgrims brought back high-yielding sugarcane from India， as well as a method for mass-producing sugar that remains nearly unchanged today. The cane juice is squeezed out using a mill （now electrical， instead of ox-powered）， strained， left to ferment， then boiled in a large pot for the liquid to evaporate. The sticky syrup is then transferred into a barrel and stirred with a metal rod until it starts to congeal. It is then poured in a mold and， once solid， cut into blocks for transport. In Zhuotian， sugar has been made this way locally since the start of the Ming dynasty （1368 – 1644）.

Throughout November， the season of sugarcane harvest in the Zhuotian riverplains， the fires are never allowed to burn out in the dozen or so family-run sugar shacks in the area， as the temperature needs to be consistent for the whole month so that the juice will not overcook.

Sugar-making is sweaty work， as the workers need to transfer pots of boiling juice between different vessels and continue stirring the syrup with an even pressure as it solidifies， all before a sweltering blaze—but the chance to sneak a mouthful of delicious cane juice in between shifts， or treat eager children at the door to a taste of the syrup， make the rewards of this job undoubtedly sweet.

The sugarcane harvest begins every November

Cane juice used to be pressed by a mill powered by oxen， but now a machine does the job

Workers must quickly ladle the juice so that no portion overheats in the pot

Workers will transfer the cane juice into another pot to cool if the pot overheats

Once the juice evaporates， the remaining syrup is poured into a mold to harden

The hardened brown sugar looks solid on the surface， but feels smooth and fine when scooped up

As the syrup boils， workers must periodically sample it for the taste

Children warming themselves by the sugar shack can often get a treat from the workers