领先顾客在线参与对KIBS企业新服务开发的影响研究

2014-11-03 13:14范钧叶聘聂津君
软科学 2014年10期

范钧 叶聘 聂津君

摘要:通过理论分析及对244个领先顾客在线参与KIBS企业NSD项目的实证分析发现:领先顾客在线参与的信息共享、共同开发和在线互动,对KIBS企业顾客概念知识、需求知识和技术知识获取有显著正向影响;三类领先顾客知识获取对KIBS企业NSD绩效有显著正向影响;新服务创新性在顾客知识获取与NSD绩效关系中起调节作用。

关键词:领先顾客;在线参与;NSD;KIBS企业

中图分类号:F719文献标识码:A文章编号:1001-8409(2014)10-0100-05

在服务经济和知识经济时代,知识密集型服务业(Knowledge-intensive Business Service,KIBS)企业得到迅猛发展。但我国KIBS企业作为全球市场的后来者,要在竞争日趋激烈、顾客需求复杂变化、创新速度不断加快的市场环境中脱颖而出,就必须通过新服务开发(New Service Development,NSD)来实现服务创新。领先顾客作为服务创新最有价值的顾客,在NSD中的积极作用已引起KIBS企业的重视。网络虚拟环境下的领先顾客在线参与也逐渐成为KIBS企业提升NSD绩效的重要手段[1]。部分KIBS企业已开始通过网站留言板、在线论坛、虚拟社区、电子邮件、虚拟实验室、创新工具箱等途径,吸引领先顾客在线参与企业NSD活动。

目前,顾客参与NSD的模式[1,2]、动机和影响因素[3]等研究已有一定进展;顾客特别是领先顾客在线参与创新也开始引起学界关注[4,5]。但已有研究以理论或案例分析为主,且重点关注顾客在线参与对NSD绩效的直接作用,系统性研究较为欠缺,针对我国KIBS企业的实证研究也较为少见。本文拟以顾客知识获取为中介,从信息共享、共同开发和在线互动三个维度,就网络环境下领先顾客在线参与对KIBS企业NSD绩效的作用机制做较深入的理论和实证研究,以推动服务创新、顾客参与、知识管理等研究的不断深入,并为我国KIBS企业提升NSD绩效提供思路借鉴。

4结论与启示

4.1研究结论

本文主要研究结论为:①领先顾客在线参与各维度对KIBS企业各类顾客知识获取均有显著正向影响,信息共享、共同开发和在线互动作为领先顾客在线参与NSD的主要方式,均能对KIBS企业获取各类顾客知识发挥积极作用;②各类领先顾客知识获取对KIBS企业NSD绩效均有显著正向影响,KIBS企业只有充分获取各类领先顾客知识,才能开发出真正满足顾客需求的新服务并不断提高

表2调节变量的回归分析结果自变量因变量:NSD绩效模型1模型2模型3模型4概念知识获取0.321**0.325**0.330**0.306**需求知识获取0.352**0.365**0.341**0.341**技术知识获取0.225**0.191**0.213**0.235**新服务创新性0.0210.0130.0340.023概念知识获取×新服务创新性0.220**需求知识获取×新服务创新性0.173**技术知识获取×新服务创新性0.159**R20.6320.6790.6610.657ΔR20.6320.0480.0290.025ΔF102.473**35.475**20.648**17.199**NSD绩效;③领先顾客在线参与各维度对KIBS企业NSD绩效的影响路径有一定差异,领先顾客知识获取在信息共享、在线互动与NSD绩效关系中起完全中介作用,在共同开发与NSD绩效关系中起部分中介作用;④新服务创新性在领先顾客知识获取与NSD绩效关系中起显著调节作用,KIBS企业拟开发新服务的创新程度越高,就越需要获取领先顾客知识,以降低开发风险并提升NSD绩效。

4.2管理启示

(1)善于发现和培养领先顾客,增强其在线参与意愿。KIBS企业应通过顾客数据库分析、顾企交流活动和顾客在线培训等方式,主动发现领先顾客并培养其专业知识和创新能力。同时还应通过建立顾客创新工具箱、创建或利用虚拟创新社区、提供物质或精神激励等途径,为领先顾客在线参与NSD提供便利渠道,并不断增强其参与意愿。

(2)倡导多种在线参与方式,拓展参与深度和广度。KIBS企业应充分利用网络开放环境,通过搭建界面友好的网络合作创新平台,保持与领先顾客的长期互动,定期与领先顾客进行共同开发实验,增加在线服务人员并提高其沟通技能和服务态度等措施,与领先顾客建立良好的信任合作关系,不断拓展其在线参与的深度和广度。

(3)增强顾客知识管理意识和能力,提高领先顾客知识获取和利用效率。KIBS企业应通过建立研发人员和领先顾客的对接,设置专门的领先顾客数据库,强化顾客知识挖掘分析等措施,高效获取领先顾客知识并实现其在企业内的实时共享。同时还应根据新服务的创新程度,适当考虑领先顾客在线参与和顾客知识获取的成本等问题。

4.3研究局限与展望

本研究也存在一定局限:①样本容量、行业特征等方面的局限,影响了结论的普适性;②模型中未充分考虑其他可能的影响因素,如NSD项目特征、企业吸收能力等;③领先顾客在线参与三维度间可能存在协同或交互效应,本研究未做深入剖析。后续研究中,应充分考虑上述问题,进行更深入的理论和实证分析。

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(责任编辑:唐杰)endprint

[3]Zhou T. Understanding Online Community User Participation: A Social Influence Perspective [J]. Internet Research, 2011, 21(1):67-81.

[4]Carbonell P, Rodriguez-Escudero, A I, Pujari D. Performance Effects of Involving Lead Users and Close Customers in New Service Development [J]. Journal of Services Marketing, 2012, 26(7):497-509.

[5]王永贵等. 顾客创新论:全球竞争环境下“价值共创”之道 [M].北京:中国经济出版社, 2011:78-89.

[6]Ornetzedera M, Rohracherb H. User-led Innovations and Participation Processes: Lessons from Sustainable Energy Technologies [J]. Energy Policy, 2006, 34(2):138-150.

[7]Gebert H, Geib M, Kolbe L, Brenner W. Knowledge-enabled Customer Relationship Management: Integrating Customer Relationship and Knowledge Management Concepts [J]. Journal of Knowledge Management, 2003, 7(5):107-123.

[8]Lee L. The Effects of Team Reflexivity and Innovativeness on New Product Develop Performance [J]. Industrial Management Data Systems, 2008, 108(4):548-569.

[9]姚山季, 王永贵. 顾客参与新产品开发的绩效影响:产品创新类型的调节效应 [J]. 商业经济与管理, 2011, (5):89-96.

[10]Lilien G, Pamela M D, Searls K, et al. Performance Assessment of the Lead User Generation Process for New Product Development [J]. Management Science, 2002, 48:1042-1059.

[11]Natti S, Halinen A, Hanttu N. Customer Knowledge Transfer and Key Account Management in Professional Service Organizations [J]. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 2006, 17(4):304-319.

[12]Brettel M, Cleven N J. Innovation Culture, Collaboration with External Partners and NPD Performance [J]. Creativity and Innovation Management, 2011, 20(4): 253-272.

[13]范钧. 社会资本对 KIBS 中小企业客户知识获取和创新绩效的影响研究[J]. 软科学, 2011, 25(1): 85-90.

[14]Verhees F J H M, Meulenberg M T G,Penning J M E. Performance Expectations of Small Firms Considering Radical Product Innovation [J]. Journal of Business Research, 2010, 63(7):772-777.

[15]Claycomb C, Lengnick-Hall C A,Inks L W. The Customer as a Productive Resource: A Pilot Study and Strategic Implications [J].Journal of Business Strategies, 2001, 18(1):46-68.

[16]Jaw C, Lo J Y, Lin Y H. The Determinants of New Service Development: Service Characteristics, Market Orientation, and Actualizing Innovation Effort [J]. Technovation, 2010, 30:265-27.

(责任编辑:唐杰)endprint

[3]Zhou T. Understanding Online Community User Participation: A Social Influence Perspective [J]. Internet Research, 2011, 21(1):67-81.

[4]Carbonell P, Rodriguez-Escudero, A I, Pujari D. Performance Effects of Involving Lead Users and Close Customers in New Service Development [J]. Journal of Services Marketing, 2012, 26(7):497-509.

[5]王永贵等. 顾客创新论:全球竞争环境下“价值共创”之道 [M].北京:中国经济出版社, 2011:78-89.

[6]Ornetzedera M, Rohracherb H. User-led Innovations and Participation Processes: Lessons from Sustainable Energy Technologies [J]. Energy Policy, 2006, 34(2):138-150.

[7]Gebert H, Geib M, Kolbe L, Brenner W. Knowledge-enabled Customer Relationship Management: Integrating Customer Relationship and Knowledge Management Concepts [J]. Journal of Knowledge Management, 2003, 7(5):107-123.

[8]Lee L. The Effects of Team Reflexivity and Innovativeness on New Product Develop Performance [J]. Industrial Management Data Systems, 2008, 108(4):548-569.

[9]姚山季, 王永贵. 顾客参与新产品开发的绩效影响:产品创新类型的调节效应 [J]. 商业经济与管理, 2011, (5):89-96.

[10]Lilien G, Pamela M D, Searls K, et al. Performance Assessment of the Lead User Generation Process for New Product Development [J]. Management Science, 2002, 48:1042-1059.

[11]Natti S, Halinen A, Hanttu N. Customer Knowledge Transfer and Key Account Management in Professional Service Organizations [J]. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 2006, 17(4):304-319.

[12]Brettel M, Cleven N J. Innovation Culture, Collaboration with External Partners and NPD Performance [J]. Creativity and Innovation Management, 2011, 20(4): 253-272.

[13]范钧. 社会资本对 KIBS 中小企业客户知识获取和创新绩效的影响研究[J]. 软科学, 2011, 25(1): 85-90.

[14]Verhees F J H M, Meulenberg M T G,Penning J M E. Performance Expectations of Small Firms Considering Radical Product Innovation [J]. Journal of Business Research, 2010, 63(7):772-777.

[15]Claycomb C, Lengnick-Hall C A,Inks L W. The Customer as a Productive Resource: A Pilot Study and Strategic Implications [J].Journal of Business Strategies, 2001, 18(1):46-68.

[16]Jaw C, Lo J Y, Lin Y H. The Determinants of New Service Development: Service Characteristics, Market Orientation, and Actualizing Innovation Effort [J]. Technovation, 2010, 30:265-27.

(责任编辑:唐杰)endprint