不定式常见用法例析

安徽省砀山铁路中学西校区　王瑾瑾

不定式常见用法例析

安徽省砀山铁路中学西校区王瑾瑾

不定式是非谓语动词的一种，也是我们现阶段英语学习的重点。不定式到底有哪些用法呢？让我们从一些题目中来看一看吧。

用法一：作主语

It's standard practice for a companylike this one_______a securityofficer.

A.employedB.being employedC.toemployD.employs

解析本题考查固定句型：It+be+n+for sb./sth.todo...,考点为不定式作主语，故答案为C。

对不定式作主语的考查，常常以固定句型的形式出现，主要有以下5种句型：

①It+be+名词+to do...

e.g.：It's our duty to take good care of the old.

②It+be+形容词+for sb.+to do...

e.g.：It is difficult for us to finish the task in an hour.

③It+be+形容词+of sb.+to do...

e.g.：It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.

④It takes sb.+some time+to do...

e.g.：How long did it take you to finish the work？

⑤It seems+形容词+to do...

e.g.：It seemed impossible to save money.

只要熟记这些句型，不定式作主语的题目就能迎刃而解了。

用法二：作宾语

1.David threatened_______his neighbor tothe police if the damage were not paid.

A.tobe reportedB.reportingC.toreportD.having reported.

2.Susan wanted to be independent of her parents.She tried_______alone，but she didn't like it and moved back home.

A.livingB.to liveC.tobe livingD.having lived

解析1.考查不定式作宾语。threatened的后面只能接不定式作宾语，句中表示“大卫威胁邻居如果损害没有得到赔偿，他将报警”。故答案为C。

考点分析：下列动词后面只能接不定式作宾语：决心学会想希望，设法拒绝愿假装，主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。这一顺口溜对应下列单词：decide/determine，learn，want，hope/wish/expect，manage，refuse，care，pretend，offer，promise，choose，plan，agree，ask/beg，help。我们记住了这个顺口溜，做题的时候就能事半功倍了。

2.考查不定式和动名词作宾语时的区别。此时要注意区分：trydoing意为“尝试做……”，而try to do意为”努力去做……”。根据句意“苏珊不想再依靠父母，她尝试独自居住但并不喜欢，最后又搬回了家”确定答案为A。类似的词还有can't help，go on，mean，for get，remember，regret，stop及try，要注意他们后面跟动名词和不定式时意义上的区别。

牛刀小试：

1.The boy pretended_______when his mother entered.

A.readingB.toreadC.tobe readingD.beingread

2.Nervous and anxious，Jill failed_______a good impression at the job interview.

A.tohave madeB.makingC.tomakeD.having made

3.We find it impossible for the work_______ahead of time.

A.tofinishB.finishingC.being finishedD.to be finished

4.—What about your adventure in the forest last week？

—Wonderful！I didn't expect there_______so many lovely monkeys！

A.to beB.beingC.of beingD.be

答案1.C2.A3.D4.A

用法三：作表语

Ladies and gentlemen，please remain_______until the plane has come to a complete stop.

A.seatedB.seatingC.to seatD.seat

解析不定式作表语常考查系动词remain后面的情况。remain作“尚待，留待”讲时，后加“tobe done”作表语；remain作“仍然”时，后面加现在分词或过去分词作表语。因此答案为B。

用法四：作定语

1.There are still many problems_______before we are ready for a longstayon the Moon.

A.solvingB.solvedC.being solvedD.to be solved

2.The airport_______next year will help promote tourismin this area.

A.being completedB.tobe completedC.completedD.having been completed

不定式作后置定语时，修饰前面的名词或代词，表示不定式动作尚未发生或将要进行。

解析1.在there be结构中，当说话人强调的是必须有人去完成某件事情时，不定式用主动形式；如果说话人强调的是事情本身必须被完成，不定式则用被动形式。本题题意为“在我们准备在月球上长期生活之前，还有很多问题有待于解决。”分析句子结构得知，空处在句中作定语。又根据语境可知此处表示没有发生的事情，应用不定式，又因为solve和problems之间为动宾关系，因此用不定式的被动式，故选择D。

2.分析句子结构得知，空处在句中作定语。又根据语境可知此处表示没有发生的事情，应用不定式，又因为complete和airport之间为动宾关系，因此用不定式的被动式，故选择B。

牛刀小试：

1.The pressure_______causes Americans to be energetic，but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.

A.tocompeteB.tobe competedC.competingD.having competed

2.Could you find someone_______？

A.for me to play tennis withB.for me to play tennis

C.playtennis withD.playing tennis

3.With a lot of difficult problems_______，the newly-elected president is havinga hard time.

A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.being settled

答案1.A2.A3.C

用法五：作状语

1.Group activities will be organized after class_______children develop teamspirit.

A.helpingB.having helpedC.helpedD.tohelp

2._______our selves from the physical and mental tensions，we each need deep thought and inner quietness.

A.Having freedB.FreedC.TofreeD.Freeing

解析1.分析句子可知道这里需要目的状语，句意为“为了帮助孩子们培养团队精神，下课后将组织小组活动”。目的状语通常用不定式表示。故选择D。

2.根据题干和句意可知本题考查不定式作目的状语，相对于上一题，本题结构更清晰。句意为“为了让我们从身体和精神的紧张中放松下来，我们都需要深刻的思考和内心的平静。”故选择C。综合这两题，我们得出结论：目的状语通常用动词不定式表示。

牛刀小试：

A.tobe toldB.tellingC.being toldD.told

2.The air is very hard to _______in Tibet because of the high altitude.

A.breath inB.be breathed inC.breathD.be breathed

答案1.A2.C

用法六：作补语

Ⅰ.作宾语补足语

1.I advised him_______smoking，but he wouldn't listen.

A.give upB.togive upC.givingupD.tobe given up

2.Whom would you like_______with you，John or me？

A.goB.have goneC.have goD.to go

解析这两题考查一些动词后面用动词不定式作宾语补足语的情况。常见的结构为：advise/allow/ask/expect/encourage/get/invite/like/persuade/remind/require/suppose/ tell/want/warn/wish/would like/call on/depend on+sb.+（not）to do sth.。故第1题选择B，第2题选择D。

Ⅱ.作主语补足语

1.Passengers are permitted_______only one piece of hand luggage on to the plane.

A.tocarryB.carryingC.tobe carriedD.beingcarried

2.He is thought_______foolishly.Nowhe has noone but himself to blame for losing the job.

A.toactB.tohave actedC.actingD.having acted

解析主语补足语的出现是因为原来含有宾语补足语的句子变成了被动句，因此，原来的宾语就变成了新句子的主语，那么原来的宾语补足语就变成了新句子的主语补足语了。因此，我们做题的时候只要将结构还原成原来的主动句就可以了。

1.分析题目知道句意是“旅客仅被允许携带一件手提行李上飞机”，permit sb.to do sth.结构变成被动为sb.be permitted to do sth.，因此选项为A。

2.本题考查sb./sth.be said/believed/known/supposed/reported/considered/found/thought...+to do sth./tobe done/to have done/to have been done，本结构中，用to do表示尚未发生的动作，用tohave done表示已经发生的动作。根据句意“他被认为表现得很愚蠢”，表示已经发生了的动作，故选择B。

牛刀小试：

1.They knew her very well.They had seen her_______up from childhood.

A.growB.grewC.was growingD.togrow

2.The teacher asked us_______somuch noise.

A.don't makeB.not makeC.not makingD.not tomake

3.My advisor encouraged________a summer course to improve my writing skills.

A.for me takingB.me takingC.for me totakeD.me totake

4.The flu is believed_______by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.

A.causingB.beingcausedC.tobe causedD.tohave caused

5.—Is Bob still performing？

—I'mafraid not.He is said_______the stage a lready as he has become an official.

A.to have leftB.to leaveC.to have been leftD.to be left

答案1.A2.D3.D4.C5.A

1.George after the war，only_______that his wife had left him.