ACTH联合槐杞黄对大鼠下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的影响

2016-07-30 06:19王文红张碧丽刘艳刘妍赵林胜
天津医药 2016年7期
关键词:泼尼松皮质醇灌胃

王文红,张碧丽,刘艳,刘妍,赵林胜

ACTH联合槐杞黄对大鼠下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的影响

王文红,张碧丽,刘艳,刘妍,赵林胜

摘要:目的研究促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)联合槐杞黄对大鼠下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴的影响。方法50只大鼠按随机数字表法分为空白对照组(A组)、泼尼松模型组(B组)、槐杞黄组(C组)、ACTH组(D组)和联合治疗组(E组),每组10只。B~E组采用醋酸泼尼松水溶液12.5 mg/(kg·d)连续灌胃4周建立HPA轴抑制模型,A组以蒸馏水10 mL/(kg·d)灌胃作为对照。C、E组每次在醋酸泼尼松灌胃后30 min加用槐杞黄颗粒5 g/(kg·d)灌胃。实验第3周时,D、E组加用ACTH 200µg/(kg·d)皮下注射。分别于实验开始前、实验2周、4周时测定各组血清皮质醇水平。实验结束后处死动物并摘取垂体和肾上腺,称质量后计算脏器指数,HE染色观察垂体和肾上腺的病理情况。结果实验2周后,B、C、D、E组的血清皮质醇水平较A组明显降低(P<0.05),提示造模成功。实验4周时,C、D、E组的血清皮质醇水平较B组均明显升高(P<0.05),且各治疗组之间E组>D组>C组(P<0.05);同时3组的垂体和肾上腺的质量及脏器指数均较B组升高(P<0.05)。HE染色显示各组垂体远侧部未见明显改变;B组肾上腺皮质束状带结构变薄且紊乱,C、D、E组则出现不同程度的增生,以E组最为明显。结论ACTH联合槐杞黄可促进肾上腺皮质束状带增生及皮质醇的分泌,减轻糖皮质激素对大鼠HPA轴的抑制作用。

关键词:促肾上腺皮质激素;槐杞黄;下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴;皮质醇;垂体;肾上腺;脏器指数;大鼠,Wistar;HE染色

基金项目:天津市中医药管理局中医、中西医结合科研专项课题(13127)

作者单位:天津市儿童医院肾内科(邮编300134)

作者简介:王文红(1966),女,主任医师,副教授,主要从事小儿肾脏病研究

儿童原发性肾病综合征(Primary nephrotic syn⁃ drome,PNS)是儿童泌尿系统的常见疾病之一,临床主要以糖皮质激素(Glucocorticoid,GC)治疗为主,剂量大且疗程较长[1]。有研究指出,长期使用外源性GC可对患儿下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(Hypothalamic pi⁃tuitary adrenal,HPA)轴产生抑制,导致疾病频繁复发及产生激素依赖[2-3]。促肾上腺皮质激素(Adre⁃nal cortical hormone,ACTH)是脑垂体分泌的一种多肽类激素,能促进肾上腺皮质束状带的增生及皮质醇的分泌;通过补充外源性ACTH,可减轻对HPA轴的抑制作用。槐杞黄是由槐耳菌质、枸杞子、黄精三味药组成,其主要活性成分为槐耳菌质多糖,能提高机体免疫力,通过内源性的免疫平衡等作用,维持机体内分泌免疫状态的稳定。目前研究发现槐杞黄对肾病综合征有一定的辅助治疗作用[4],但对HPA轴的影响尚不清楚。本实验旨在观察ACTH联合槐杞黄对大鼠HPA轴的影响,为临床治疗PNS提供参考。

1 材料与方法

1.1实验动物及试剂健康雄性SPF级Wistar大鼠50只,体质量(220±10)g,购自北京维通利华实验动物有限公司,许可证号:SCXK(京)2012-0001。醋酸泼尼松片(5 mg/片)购自天津力生制药股份有限公司,批号:1409077。槐杞黄颗粒(还尔金,10 g/袋)购自启东盖天力药业有限公司,批号:EA05。ACTH 1-39(10 mg/支)购自PEPTIDE SCIENCES,批号:4365。皮质醇检测试剂盒购自罗氏诊断产品(上海)有限公司。

1.2实验分组及给药50只大鼠适应性喂养3 d,按照随机数字表法分为空白对照组(A组)、泼尼松模型组(B组)、槐杞黄组(C组)、ACTH组(D组)和联合治疗组(E组),每组10只。每日上午8:00前,B、C、D、E组采用醋酸泼尼松水溶液12.5 mg/(kg·d)灌胃,A组采用10 mL/(kg·d)蒸馏水灌胃,连续灌胃4周;C、E组在泼尼松水溶液灌胃后30 min采用槐杞黄颗粒5 g/(kg·d)灌胃,实验共4周。第3周时,D、E组加用ACTH 200µg/(kg·d)皮下注射。实验期间,每3天称1次大鼠体质量,以调整药物剂量。

1.3观察指标

1.3.1一般状况观察实验期间观察各组大鼠的生长发育、外观、反应性、活动性、食欲、摄食量及体质量变化等。

1.3.2血清皮质醇检测分别于实验开始前,实验2周、4周时,各组大鼠取血(实验开始前及实验2周时眼内眦取血,4周时股动脉取血),采用电化学发光法检测血清皮质醇水平。

1.3.3脏器指数测定实验结束时,各组大鼠称质量、取血后,立即处死并摘取垂体及肾上腺,去除肾上腺被膜周围脂肪组织及结缔组织,称质量后计算脏器指数,脏器指数=脏器质量/体质量。

1.3.4HE染色摘取的大鼠双侧肾上腺及垂体用10%福尔马林溶液固定,进行常规HE染色[5],观察病理情况。

1.4统计学方法采用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计学处理,符合正态分布的计量资料采用±s表示,多组间均数比较采用方差分析,组间多重比较时方差齐性者采用LSD-t法,方差不齐者采用Dunnett’s T3法,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1一般状况观察实验过程中,A组大鼠生长发育良好,皮毛光亮,反应灵敏,活动灵活,食欲好,摄食正常;B组大鼠生长发育差,毛发无光泽、蓬乱、容易脱落,反应迟钝,摄食较差;C、D组大鼠生长发育中等,毛发无光泽、蓬乱,反应较差,摄食可,无感染死亡等;E组大鼠生长发育较好,毛发稍有光泽,无蓬松状,反应较灵敏,食欲可,无明显不良反应。

2.2血清皮质醇水平实验2周时,B、C、D、E组血清皮质醇含量明显低于A组(P<0.05),提示造模成功。4周时C、D、E组血清皮质醇水平依次升高,且均高于B组(P<0.05),见表1。

Tab.1 Comparison of serum levels of cortisol at different time points between five groups of rats表1 各组大鼠不同时段血清皮质醇水平比较(n=10,nmol/L,±s)

Tab.1 Comparison of serum levels of cortisol at different time points between five groups of rats表1 各组大鼠不同时段血清皮质醇水平比较(n=10,nmol/L,±s)

**P<0.01;a与A组比较,b与B组比较,c与C组比较,d与D组比较,P<0.05

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2.3各组体质量、垂体指数及肾上腺指数变化实验结束后,C、D、E组大鼠垂体、肾上腺质量及相应脏器指数均较B组升高(P<0.05),但C、D、E组间垂体指数、肾上腺指数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),见表2。

Tab.2 Comparison of body weight,pituitary and adrenal index between five groups of rats表2 各组大鼠体质量及垂体、肾上腺指数比较(n=10,±s)

Tab.2 Comparison of body weight,pituitary and adrenal index between five groups of rats表2 各组大鼠体质量及垂体、肾上腺指数比较(n=10,±s)

**P<0.01;a与A组比较,b与B组比较,c与C组比较,P<0.05

组别A组B组C组D组E组F体质量(g)319.20±25.32 259.00±27.47a231.80±35.34a200.40±45.04abc227.30±20.00ab20.07**垂体质量(mg)8.50±0.71 7.70±0.82a8.80±0.79b9.10±0.74b9.00±0.82b5.26**肾上腺质量(mg)46.20±1.03 36.20±3.19a45.20±1.99b47.00±1.70b47.50±1.72bc51.99**垂体指数(×10-6)26.68±1.81 29.96±4.06 38.38±3.57ab46.86±7.70ab39.73±3.35ab31.62**肾上腺指数(×10-6)145.44±10.26 140.49±12.32 198.45±26.08ab243.89±47.87ab210.25±17.17ab27.66**

2.4HE染色各组垂体远侧部未见明显改变。肾上腺HE染色可见A组肾上腺皮质球状带、束状带、网状带及髓质结构显示清楚;B组皮质束状带结构紊乱、模糊不清;C、D、E组肾上腺皮质均具有不同程度的增生,见图1。

Fig.1 Pathological results of adrenal gland in five groups(HE,×200)图1 各组肾上腺病理结果(HE,×200)

3 讨论

近年来,国内外对ACTH治疗肾病的研究逐渐增多,如在特发性膜性肾病[6]、局灶性节段性肾小球硬化症(Focal segmental glomerular sclerosis,FSGS)[7]和免疫抑制剂治疗失败的难治性肾病[8]及其他肾小球疾病[9]等。黄建萍等[10]发现,ACTH对频繁复发及激素依赖的PNS患儿有一定疗效,可避免长期GC治疗的不良反应。槐杞黄颗粒既益气又滋阴,益五脏之精气,滋脏腑之阴津,对整体之虚弱具有照顾全面、强壮补养之功效,且具有免疫调节功能[11]。笔者前期研究显示,不同类型的中效GC对PNS患儿肾上腺皮质功能均有影响,其中泼尼松的抑制作用较曲安西龙及甲泼尼龙持久[12]。因此,本实验选用泼尼松制作大鼠HPA轴抑制模型,进而观察ACTH联合槐杞黄对大鼠HPA轴的影响。

既往研究表明,PNS患儿在大剂量持续应用GC过程中,患儿血清皮质醇水平下降[13-14]。本研究发现,实验2周时各治疗组大鼠血清皮质醇水平均较对照组降低,出现明显的HPA轴的抑制作用,提示造模成功,与上述报道相一致。实验4周时,槐杞黄组、ACTH组、联合治疗组较泼尼松模型组血清皮质醇水平升高,提示槐杞黄、ACTH以及联合治疗均可减轻HPA轴的抑制作用,其中联合治疗组效果最好,槐杞黄作用较弱。另外本研究显示槐杞黄组、ACTH组、联合治疗组大鼠垂体、肾上腺的质量及脏器指数均较泼尼松模型组升高,但各治疗组脏器指数之间差异无统计学意义;同时各组大鼠垂体HE染色发现其远侧部分泌ACTH部位均无明显病理改变,这可能与实验时间较短或者是对垂体的改变本身就不显著有关。肾上腺的病理染色结果发现各治疗组都不同程度减轻了肾上腺皮质束状带的进一步萎缩,其中联合治疗组改善较为明显,提示槐杞黄和ACTH对维持肾上腺的正常功能有一定作用。

本实验从功能和形态两方面研究表明槐杞黄联合ACTH可改善大剂量GC对大鼠HPA轴的抑制作用,可在一定程度上促进受到抑制的垂体和肾上腺皮质束状带的增生和分泌,为临床上治疗HPA轴抑制提供了实验基础。鉴于本实验样本数量较少,今后可进一步扩大样本量,增加研究内容,更详细地阐述其作用机制。

参考文献

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(2015-12-09收稿2016-02-23修回)

(本文编辑胡小宁)

中图分类号:R72

文献标志码:A

DOI:10.11958/20150278

Effects of ACTH combined with Huaiqihuang on rat hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis

WANG Wenhong,ZHANG Bili,LIU Yan,LIU Yan,ZHAO Linsheng
Department of Nephrology,Tianjin Children’s Hospital,Tianjin 300134,China

Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH)combined with Huaiqihuang on hypothalamic pituitary adrenal(HPA)in rats.MethodsFifty rats were randomly divided into five groups according to the random number table method:normal control group(group A),prednisone group(group B),Huaiqihuang group(group C), ACTH group(group D)and combined treatment group(group E)with 10 rats in each group.Rats in group B,C,D and E were gavaged by acetic acid prednisone water solution 12.5 mg/(kg·d)for 4 weeks to establish HPA axis suppression model. Group A was given distilled water 10 mL/(kg·d)as control.Rats in group C and E were gavaged with Huaiqihuang 5 g/(kg·d) 30 minutes after intragastric administration of prednisone acetate.At the third week of the experiment,group D and E were subcutaneous injected with ACTH 200µg/(kg·d).The serum cortisol levels were measured respectively at the start of the ex⁃periment,2 weeks and 4 weeks of experiment.Animals were sacrificed at the end of the experiment,and then weights of the pituitary,adrenal glands and the viscera index were calculated.The pathological changes of the pituitary and adrenal glands were observed by HE stainning.ResultsAfter 2 weeks,the serum cortisol levels were significantly lower in group B,C,D and E than those of group A(P<0.05),suggesting that the model was successful.After 4 weeks,the serum cortisol levels were significantly higher in group C,D and E than those of group B(P<0.05),and between the treatment group the value was group E>group D>group C(P<0.05).At the same time,the weights of pituitary and adrenal gland and the viscera in⁃dex were higher in the three groups than those of B group(P<0.05).The HE staining showed that there were no significant changes in the distal part of the pituitary gland in five groups.The adrenal cortex zona was thinning and the structure was dis⁃ordered in group B.There were different degrees of hyperplasia in group C,group D,and group E,which was the most obvi⁃ous in group E.ConclusionACTH combined with Huaiqihuang can promote adrenal cortex zona hyperplasia and cortisol secretion,which reduces the glucocorticoid induced inhibition of HPA axis in rats.

Key words:adrenoc orticotropic hormone;Huaiqihuang;hypothalamic pituitary adrenal;cortisol;pituitary gland; adrenal glands;viscera index;rats,Wistar;hematoxylin-eosin stain

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